1. Trigeminal nerve (V)
1.1. Maxillary n. (GSA)-pure sensory
1.1.1. 1.Meningeal branches
1.1.2. 2.Zygomatic branch enters the orbit through inferior orbital fissure and gives 2 branches :
1.1.2.1. 1.Zygomaticotemporal n.
1.1.2.2. 2.Zygomaticofacial n.
1.1.3. 3.posterior Superior alveolar n.
1.1.3.1. Innervates posterior part of the upper teeth
1.1.4. 4.Infraorbital n.
1.1.4.1. Middle superior alveolar n.
1.1.4.2. Anterior superior alveolar n.
1.1.5. 5.Ganglionic branches (pterygopalatine nerves)
1.1.5.1. 3.Greater and lesser palatine nerves
1.1.5.1.1. GVA fibres_ innervate soft palate
1.1.5.1.2. GSA fibres _innervate hard palate
1.1.5.1.3. GVE_innervate salivary gland in the palate
1.1.5.2. 1.Nasal branches
1.1.5.2.1. GSA
1.1.5.2.2. GVE— small glands in the nasal cavity
1.1.5.3. 2.Pharyngeal branches
1.2. Ophthalmic n. (GSA)-pure sensory
1.2.1. Frontal n ,supplies frontal area , forehead,scalp
1.2.1.1. Supraorbital n. (Laterally)
1.2.1.2. Supratrochlear (Medially)
1.2.2. Lacrimal n. ,
1.2.2.1. Carries parasympathetic fibres to lacrimal gland through zygomaticotemporal n.
1.2.2.2. supplies the lateral part of the upper eyelid
1.2.3. Nasociliary n.
1.2.3.1. 1.Posterior ethmoidal n
1.2.3.1.1. Ethmoid and sphenoid sinuses
1.2.3.2. 2.Anterior ethmoidal n
1.2.3.2.1. External nasal branch (tip of the nose)
1.2.3.3. 3.Infratrochlear n.
1.2.3.3.1. Medial part of upper eyelid , part of nose and medial part of nasal bridge
1.2.3.4. 4.Long ciliary n.
1.2.3.4.1. Supplies anterior part of eyeball
1.2.3.4.2. Carries sympathetic fibers ( Dilator pupillae )
1.2.3.5. 5.Communicating branch to ciliary ganglion
1.2.3.5.1. Supplies the posterior part of the eyeball
1.3. Mandibular n. (SVE&GSA)
1.3.1. Meningeal branch
1.3.2. Nerve to medial pterygoid (SVE)
1.3.2.1. Tensor palati mm.
1.3.2.2. Tensor tympani mm.
1.3.2.3. Medial pterygoid mm.
1.3.3. Anterior division
1.3.3.1. 1.Massetric n.
1.3.3.1.1. To masseter mm.
1.3.3.2. 2.Deep petrosal n.
1.3.3.2.1. To temporalis mm.
1.3.3.3. 3.Nerve to lateral pterygoid
1.3.3.3.1. Lateral pterygoid mm.
1.3.3.4. 4.Buccal n.
1.3.3.4.1. Supplies the skin over the Buccal area (Sensation of the skin )
1.3.4. Posterior division
1.3.4.1. 1.Auriclotemporal n. (Sensory)
1.3.4.1.1. Surrounds the middle meningeal a. And continues deep to TMJ , Innervating it on the way
1.3.4.2. 2.Lingual n. (Sensory)
1.3.4.2.1. Supplies the anterior 2/3 of the tongue
1.3.4.2.2. Joins the chorda tympani of the facial nerve which supplies the salivary glands
1.3.4.3. 3.Inferior alveolar n.
1.3.4.3.1. Mylohyoid n. (SVE) , leaves through mandibular foramen
1.4. Fibers
1.4.1. GSA
1.4.1.1. 1.Skin of head and neck except
1.4.1.1.1. Dura mater below tentorium cerebelli
1.4.1.1.2. Posterior part of the scalp
1.4.1.2. 2.All mucous membranes of the head ( nasal cavity , oral cavity , paranasal sinuses) except mastoid air cells
1.4.1.3. 3.General sensation of eye
1.4.1.4. 4.External ear
1.4.1.5. 5.Dura mater above tentorium cerebelli
1.4.1.6. 6.TMJ
1.4.1.7. 7.Upper and lower teeth
1.4.2. SVE
1.5. Sensory nucleus
1.5.1. Trigeminal sensory complex (GSA)
1.5.1.1. 1-Spinal nucleus (C2-Pons)
1.5.1.1.1. 1.Pars caudalis (C2-pyramidal decussation)
1.5.1.1.2. 2.Pars interpolaris ( lower part of pyramidal decussation-area below rostral third of olivary nucleus)
1.5.1.1.3. 3. Pars oralis (upper part , near main sensory nucleus)
1.5.1.2. 2-Main sensory nucleus (within pons)
1.5.1.2.1. 1.Light touch
1.5.1.2.2. 2.Discriminative touch
1.5.1.3. 3-Mesencephalic nucleus (Pons-midbrain)
1.5.1.3.1. Unconscious proprioception
2. Oculomotor (III)
2.1. Branches
2.1.1. Inferior branch
2.1.1.1. 1.Medial rectus m
2.1.1.2. 2.Inferior rectus
2.1.1.3. 3.inferior oblique
2.1.1.4. Parasympathetic innervation for intrinsic mm. through short ciliary n.
2.1.2. superior branch ,innervates :
2.1.2.1. 1.Superior rectus m.
2.1.2.2. 2.Levator palpebrae superioris
2.2. Fibres
2.2.1. Motor (mainly)
2.2.1.1. GSE for extrinsic eye muscles
2.2.1.2. GVE (parasympathetic) for intrinsic eye muscles
2.2.2. Sensory (proprioception)
3. Trochlear n. (IV)
3.1. Primarily motor (GSE, no GVE)
3.1.1. Innervate superior oblique m. Only
3.2. Sensory for proprioception
4. Abducens (VI)
4.1. Primarily motor (GSE)
4.1.1. Innervates lateral rectus muscle only
4.2. Sensory for proprioception
5. Optic nerve (II)
5.1. Pure sensory (SSA) for vision
6. Facial n. (VII)
6.1. Fibres
6.1.1. Motor fibres
6.1.1.1. SVE
6.1.1.1.1. Muscles of pharyngeal apparatus (Muscles of facial expression)
6.1.1.2. GVE (parasympathetic inner action)
6.1.1.2.1. Via the pterygopalatine and submandibular ganglia to the glands of the head
6.1.2. Sensory fibres
6.1.2.1. SVA
6.1.2.1.1. From the taste buds in Anterior 2/3 of the tongue
6.1.2.2. GVA
6.1.2.2.1. Soft palate
6.1.2.2.2. Floor of the mouth
6.1.2.2.3. Pharynx
6.1.2.3. GSA
6.1.2.3.1. Small part of the external ear
6.1.2.3.2. Mastoid air cells
6.2. Branches
6.2.1. 1.Nerve to strapedius muscle (SVE)
6.2.2. 2.posterior auricular n. (SVE)
6.2.2.1. Stylohyoid and posterior belly of digastric mm.
6.2.3. 3.Five terminal branches (SVE)
6.2.3.1. 1.Temporal
6.2.3.2. 2.Zygomatic
6.2.3.3. 3.Buccal branch
6.2.3.4. 4.Mandibular
6.2.3.5. 5.Cervical branch
6.2.4. 4.Greater petrosal n (GVE,GVA)
6.2.4.1. Joins deep petrosal n to form nerve of pterygoid canal , moves to pterygopalatine ganglion in pterygopalatine fossa, in the pterygopalatine ganglion it will join postganglionic fibers and continue to its target through branches of maxillary n.
6.2.4.1.1. GVA
6.2.4.1.2. GVE
6.2.5. 5.Chorda tympani n
6.2.5.1. GVE(parasympathetic)
6.2.5.1.1. Major salivary glands (submandibular &sublingual)
6.2.5.1.2. Small salivary glands in the oral cavity
6.2.5.2. SVA
6.2.5.2.1. Taste sensation for the anterior 2/3 of the tongue
6.2.5.3. GVA
6.2.5.3.1. General sensation from the floor of the mouth
7. Glossopharyngeal (IX)
7.1. Fibers /modalities
7.1.1. Motor
7.1.1.1. SVE
7.1.1.1.1. Stylopharyngeus mm. (Only)
7.1.1.2. GVE
7.1.1.2.1. Parasympathetic innervation of parotid gland via optic ganglion
7.1.2. Sensory
7.1.2.1. GSA (superior ganglion)
7.1.2.1.1. Small part of external ear
7.1.2.2. GVA (inferior ganglion)
7.1.2.2.1. 1.Posterior 1/3 of tongue
7.1.2.2.2. 2.Oropharynx
7.1.2.2.3. 3.Carotid sinus baroreceptors
7.1.2.2.4. 4.Carotid body chemoreceptors
7.1.2.2.5. 5.Fauces
7.1.2.2.6. 6.Middle ear
7.1.2.3. SVA (inferior ganglion)
7.1.2.3.1. Taste buds of the posterior third of the tongue
7.2. Branches
7.2.1. 1.Tympanic n.
7.2.1.1. GVA
7.2.1.1.1. Middle ear (forms tympanic plexuses)
7.2.1.2. GVE
7.2.1.2.1. Parotid gland
7.2.2. 2.carotid sinus n.
7.2.2.1. GVA
7.2.2.1.1. Baroreceptors
7.2.2.1.2. Chemoreceptors
7.2.3. 3.Nerve to stylopharyngeus m.
7.2.3.1. SVE
7.2.4. 4.Pharyngeal branches
7.2.4.1. Pharyngeal plexus
7.2.4.1.1. Oropharynx
7.2.5. 5.Lingual branch
7.2.5.1. GVA
7.2.5.1.1. General sensation of posterior 1/3 of tongue
7.2.5.2. SVA
7.2.5.2.1. Taste sensation from posterior 1/3 of tongue
8. Vagus n.(X)
8.1. Modalities / fibers
8.1.1. Motor
8.1.1.1. SVE
8.1.1.1.1. Muscles of the respiratory passageways
8.1.1.1.2. Almost all laryngeal muscles
8.1.1.2. GVE ( pre-ganglionic)
8.1.1.2.1. Lungs ,heart, esophagus, stomach , small intestine , most of the large intestine and gallbladder
8.1.1.2.2. Glands of GI
8.1.2. Sensory
8.1.2.1. GSA (superior jugular ganglion)
8.1.2.1.1. Small part of the ear
8.1.2.2. GVA (inferior nodose ganglion)
8.1.2.2.1. Mainly pharynx
8.1.2.2.2. Visceral sensory receptors of thoracic and abdominal organs
8.1.2.2.3. Larynx
8.1.2.3. SVA (inferior nodose ganglion)
8.1.2.3.1. Some taste buds ( mostly epiglottis)
8.2. Branches
8.2.1. 1.Meningeal branches
8.2.1.1. Supplies meninges ( upper part of dura above tentorium cerebelli )
8.2.2. 2.Auricular branch
8.2.2.1. Small portion of external ear
8.2.3. 3.Pharyngeal branches
8.2.3.1. Forms pharyngeal plexus
8.2.3.1.1. Motor innervation of pharyngeal muscles
8.2.4. 4.Superior laryngeal n. (Mixed)
8.2.4.1. Internal laryngeal n.
8.2.4.1.1. GVA (sensory n.)
8.2.4.2. External laryngeal n.
8.2.4.2.1. SVE (motor n.)
8.2.5. 5.Recurrent laryngeal n. (Mixed)
8.2.5.1. Left recurrent laryngeal n
8.2.5.2. Right recurrent laryngeal n.
8.2.6. 6.Inferior laryngeal n
8.2.6.1. SVE
8.2.6.1.1. All laryngeal muscles except cricothyroid
8.2.6.2. GVA
8.2.6.2.1. Lower part of larynx and oesophagus
9. Vestibulocochlear n. (VIII) —-mainly sensory
9.1. Chochlear branche
9.1.1. Associated with hearing
9.2. Vestibular branche
9.2.1. Associated with balance
10. Accessory n. (XI)
10.1. Primarily motor (SVE)
10.1.1. Fibers from cranial root joins the vagus n. And innervate
10.1.1.1. Muscles of pharynx, larynx and soft palate that are used for swallowing
10.1.2. Fibers from spinal root
10.1.2.1. Sternocleoidomastoid m.
10.1.2.2. Trapezius m.
11. Hypoglossal n. (XII)
11.1. Mixed ,primarily motor (GSE)
11.1.1. Controls muscles of tongue during speech and swallowing