Consequences of World War I

1. Economical

1.1. United States

1.1.1. The United States found itself importing a lot of materials into Europe as Europe was preparing for war, which ultimately brought the country out of a recession and into an economic boom

1.2. Britain

1.2.1. The war harmed the British economy, as British income levels fell due to high unemployment rates and an increased public debt to GDP ratio

1.3. Russia

1.3.1. The Russian economy suffered so much from the war that at just two years in, in 1916, agrarian production had already fallen tremendously and there were food and fuel shortages throughout Russia's cities

1.4. France

1.4.1. The French economy was ruined by the war due to the heavy destruction of agricultural land and overall loss of manpower, which led to an increased dependence on imports from other countries

1.5. Italy

1.5.1. Following the war, Italy suffered an extended depression characterized by enormous debt and inflation.

1.6. Germany

1.6.1. The German economy fell into a depression due to heavy reparations and the overall destruction of German economic infrastructure

1.7. Austria-Hungary

1.7.1. Austria-Hungary broke up into multiple smaller nations and lost a fair amount of territory, and the resulting countries faced a deficit in foreign trade, as well as higher consumer prices

1.8. Ottoman Empire

1.8.1. The Ottoman Empire's reliance on imported goods during the war undermined artisan production and left the Ottomans reliant on trade, as their factories and financial institutions had become inefficient

2. Social

2.1. United States

2.1.1. The war accelerated the movement of 300,000 - 500,000 African Americans into northern urban cities, known as the Great Migration

2.2. Britain

2.2.1. The war impacted the British class system, as the upper class took the greatest proportional hit and families in the serving class started moving into urban areas for work in factories

2.3. Russia

2.3.1. Social peace in Russia was crushed by food shortages, inflation, high casualties, worker and peasant mobilization, and overall distrust of the government

2.4. France

2.4.1. French morale was low, as although the Allies won the war, many people lost their lives, jobs, land, or homes, and devastation was ubiquitous, due to the majority of the fighting being done on French soil

2.5. Italy

2.5.1. During the war, Italy experienced mass anti-war protests, which led to the ultimate raising of the status of women in society, as many of the protests were led by women

2.6. Germany

2.6.1. The war caused a massive increase of women in the workforce to about 37%, and this stayed consistent after the war ended

2.7. Austria-Hungary

2.7.1. After Austria-Hungary shattered, the new nations of Austria and Hungary fought due to a perceived inequality of food distribution

2.8. Ottoman Empire

2.8.1. The Ottoman Empire signed an armistice with the Allies but did not properly inform its citizens of the parameters of the armistice, which let to social unrest when the Allies seemingly violated the armistice, when in reality, they had not

3. Political

3.1. United States

3.1.1. The United States emerged from the war relatively unscathed as a world military and industrial leader

3.2. Britain

3.2.1. The war led to the fall of the Liberal Party and the rise of the Labour Party, and the old controversies of Edwardian politics were replaced by new debates about military strategy

3.3. Russia

3.3.1. The war led to the fall of Russia's autocratic government and the rise of the world's first ever communist government

3.4. France

3.4.1. Alsace-Lorraine was returned to France following the war, and Germany was forced to pay reparations to France as a result of the Treaty of Versailles, which made Germany fully responsible for the war

3.5. Italy

3.5.1. The war brought the ultimate rise of Fascism, a term used by Benito Mussolini to describe his political movement that dominated as a result of Mussolini's use of his charisma to gain power

3.6. Germany

3.6.1. Germany faced mass political division and unrest following the war, as the government faced countless violent uprising and communism started to make its way from Russia into Germany

3.7. Austria-Hungary

3.7.1. The war led to the ultimate collapse of the Austro-Hungarian empire, which broke apart into Austria, Hungary, Czechoslovakia, lost territory to Romania and Bulgaria, and lost territory to Serbia which, along with the rest of Serbia and Montenegro, became known as Yugoslavia

3.8. Ottoman Empire

3.8.1. Defeat in the war on the side of the Central Powers dismantled the already-crumbling Ottoman Empire, which came to an end in 1922 when Mehmed VI, the last Ottoman Sultan, left Constantinople in a British warship