1. Definition
1.1. Matter: Anything that takes up space and has mass
1.2. Mass: Amount of stuff in an object or substance
2. Energy Is Not Matter
2.1. Energy does not have mass
2.2. Energy does not have volume
3. Properties Of Matter
3.1. Specific characteristic of matter
3.2. Used to identify the matter that makes up an object or substance
3.3. 2 kinds of properties
3.3.1. Physical Properties
3.3.1.1. Characteristics of matter that can be observed or measured
3.3.1.2. Can change without the substance becoming a different substance
3.3.1.3. Study physical properties using tools or our sense
3.3.1.4. Temperature
3.3.1.4.1. Is a measure of how hot/ cold an object or substance is
3.3.1.4.2. Measured in degrees Fahrenheit/ degrees Celsius
3.3.1.4.3. Temp indicates how much thermal energy an object has. Temp increases the objects thermal energy increases
3.3.1.5. Mass
3.3.1.5.1. Is a measure of the amount of "stuff" in an object
3.3.1.5.2. Mas of an object depends on the type of atoms found in the object & how closely the atoms are packed together
3.3.1.5.3. Is measured in grams (g)
3.3.1.6. Density
3.3.1.6.1. A measurement that reflects how much mass takes up a certain amount of space
3.3.1.6.2. ='s the mass of an object divided by its volume
3.3.1.6.3. Is measured in grams/ milliliters (g/ml)
3.3.1.6.4. Mass of atoms, the size and how atoms are arranged determine the density of a substance
3.3.1.6.5. Objects with the same volume but different masses have different densities
3.3.1.7. Some physical properties of matter are qualitative
3.3.1.7.1. Are observed using your sense, they are descriptive characteristics of matter
3.3.1.7.2. The most important qualitative properties of matter
3.3.2. Chemical Properties
3.3.2.1. Characteristics of matter that describe the chemical makeup of a substance
3.3.2.2. Describe the ability of a substance to change its identity
3.3.2.3. Study chemical properties through chemical reactions
4. Size & Shape
4.1. Size & shape describe the dimension of an object
4.2. Length, width and height describe the size of an object
4.3. Volume describes how much space an object takes up
4.4. Length, width and height are measured in meters (m)
4.5. Volume is measured in liters (L) or metters3 (m3)
4.6. General 2 or 3 dimensional form of an object is the shape of the object
5. Magnetism
5.1. An invisible force exerted by some types of matter
5.2. Objects that exert magnetism are called magnets
5.2.1. Magnets attract or repel other magnets
5.3. Objects that are attracted to or repelled by magnets, but do not produce magnetism are called magnetic objects
5.4. Most magnets/ material contain iron, nickel or cobalt
6. Viscosity
6.1. Is a property of matter that is important to fluids. Fluids can be liquid or gas
7. Melting Point
7.1. Is the temperature at which a solid melts
8. Chemical properties
8.1. Several important chemical properties of matter
8.1.1. Reactivity
8.1.2. Corrosion (oxidation & tarnish)
8.1.3. Toxicity
8.1.4. Flammability
8.1.5. Combustibility
8.1.6. Radioactivity
8.1.7. pH
9. Phase Change
9.1. Definition
9.1.1. Phase change takes place when heat is added to or removed from substance
9.1.2. Matter change from one form to another
9.1.3. Matter usually transforms gradually from a solid to a liquid to gas. How ever, a solid can change directly into a gas and a gas can change directly into a solid
9.1.3.1. Sublimation is the change of a solid directly into a gas
9.1.3.2. Deposition is the change of a gas directly to a solid
9.2. There are 4 major phase changes
9.2.1. Freezing
9.2.1.1. Removing heat from a liquid substance can cause the substance to transition from a liquid to a solid
9.2.1.2. Transition from a liquid to a solid is called freezing
9.2.1.3. The temperature at which a liquid freezes to a solid is called freezing point
9.2.2. Melting
9.2.2.1. Adding heat to solid substance to transition from solid to liquid
9.2.2.2. Transition from solid to liquid is called melting
9.2.2.3. The temperature at which solid melts to liquid is called melting point
9.2.3. Condensation
9.2.3.1. Removing heat from a gas can cause substance to transition from a gas to liquid
9.2.3.2. Transition from a gas to liquid is called condensation
9.2.3.3. The temperature at which a gas condenses to a liquid is called condensation point
9.2.4. Evaporation
9.2.4.1. Adding heat to a liquid substance can cause the substance to transition from a liquid to a gas
9.2.4.2. Transition from ilquid to gas is called evaporation
9.2.4.3. The temperature at which a liquid evaporates to a gas is called boiling point
9.3. Heating & Cooling
9.3.1. a phase change takes place because the thermal energy is transferred to or from a substance
9.3.2. Adding thermal energy to a substance is called heating
9.3.3. Removing thermal energy from a substance is called cooling
10. Plasma: 4th State Of Matter
10.1. Most common state of matter in universe, not commonly found on earth
10.2. Most like a gas
10.3. When gas is heated to very high temp, electrons are "torn off" the atoms. Results in mass of positively charged atoms & negatively charged electrons
11. States Of Matter
11.1. Liquid
11.1.1. Matter composed of atoms loosely packed
11.1.2. Atoms can slightly move around due to some space between
11.1.3. Definite volume, do not have definite shape
11.2. Gas
11.2.1. Matter composed of atoms loosely packed together
11.2.2. A lot of space between atoms, constantly moving around
11.2.3. Do not have definite volume or shape
11.3. Solid
11.3.1. Matter composed of atoms, packed tightly together
11.3.2. Has definite shape & volume
12. Conductivity
12.1. How well an object/ substance transfers electricity/ heat
12.1.1. Transfers is called conduction
12.2. Objects that conduct electricity/ heat well are called conductors
12.2.1. Objects that do not conduct electricity/ heat well are called insulators
12.3. Thermal conductivity describes how well a substance transfers heat
12.3.1. The higher thermal conductivity of a substance the better it conducts heat