Moral Development

1. Emotional Development

1.1. Kohlberg's Stages of Moral Reasoning

1.1.1. Level 1: Preconventional

1.1.1.1. Stage 1: Punishment and Obedience Orientation

1.1.1.2. Stage 2: Individualism, instrumental purpose, and exchange

1.1.2. Level 2: Conventional

1.1.2.1. Stage 3: Mutual interpersonal expectations, relationships, and interpersonal conformity

1.1.2.2. Stage 4: social system and conscience

1.1.3. Level 3: Postconventional

1.1.3.1. Stage 5: Social contract or utility and individual rights

1.1.3.2. Stage 6: Universal ethical principals

1.2. Guilt and Empathy: The Role of Emotions in Moral Development

1.2.1. Frued, Guilt and Shame

1.2.1.1. Guilt is for a single occurrence and shame is an overall feeling of oneself. Reinforce positive behaviors instead of punishing negative behaviors

1.2.2. Empathy: Feeling Another's Pain

1.2.2.1. The difference between empathy and sympathy is that empathy is recognizing how they feel and sympathy is understanding how they feel.

2. Risky adolescent Behaviors

2.1. Substance Use and Abuse

2.1.1. Substance use is ingesting any legal or illegal substance on one or more occasion. Substance abuse is when the substance use affects the person's daily life. Substance abuse can include alcohol, tobacco, or many other drugs. Rates are increasing for substance abuse in teens, especially alcohol and tobacco.

2.2. Adolescent Sexual Activity

2.2.1. Sexual activity is increasing among teens, especially at younger ages. Research shows that children with limited parental interaction and children who live in poverty are also more likely to engage in sexual activity at younger ages. Although sexual education is growing in schools, this is not necessarily preventing teens from engaging in sexual activity at younger and younger ages.

2.3. Teen Pregnancy

2.3.1. Teen pregnancy is an increasing problem among adolescents. Teen pregnancy rates are increasing and there are many factors which contribute to this such as their home life, and substance use or abuse.