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Past tense by Mind Map: Past tense

1. Past perfect

1.1. When two actions happened at the same time in the past, we use the past perfect for the action that happened before and the simple past for the action that happened later

1.2. Used to express an action that happened and was completed before a mentioned time in the past, or before another action that also ended in the past

1.3. Express an action that happened during a period of time in the past, before another time point

1.4. +) S + Had + V_ed +... -) S + Had not + V_ed +... ?) Had + S + V_ed +...

1.5. Example: - I had met John before he came to the party -He had never played football until last week

2. Past perfect continuous

2.1. Expressing an action that was the cause of something in the past

2.2. Express an action that was happening before a past action

2.3. +) S + Had been + V_ing + ... -) S + Had not been + V_ing +... ?) Had + S + been + V_ing +...

2.4. Example: - They had been talking for over an hour, before Tony arrived - Jason was tired because he had been jogging

3. Past simple

3.1. +) S + V_ed + ... -) S + didn't (did not) + V +... ?) Did + S + V +...

3.2. Express an action that happened once, a few times or never happened in the past

3.3. Express actions that happened consecutively in the past

3.4. Express an action that was interrupted by an action in progress in the past

3.5. Used in conditional sentences type II

3.6. Refer to a past state

3.7. Example: I saw a movie yesterday Last year, I travelled to Japan I knew how to fight even as a child

4. Past continuous

4.1. Express an action that was happening at a time in the past

4.2. Express two actions that happened at the same time in the past

4.3. Expressing an action that is happening when another action is interrupted

4.4. S + was / were + Ving +... S + was/ were + not + Ving + ... Was / Were + S + Ving + ...

4.5. Example: -Peter was reading a book yesterday evening - When the phone rang, she was writing a letter