Regional and social dialects

1. Grecia Angélica García Rangel. Rocío Gpe. Ramírez González. Verónica Lizeth Rdz. Alanís. Amanda Nalley Sánchez Flores. Group: i71

2. Social class dialects

2.1. The term “social class” refers to prestige, wealth and education. There is a consistent relationship between social class and speech. (Holmes & Wilson, 2017)

2.2. • [h] dropping • [in] pronunciation • Post-vocalic [r]

2.3. In New York City: LOWER social status → fewer postvocalic /r/ is used; In Reading (England): HIGHER social status → fewer postvocalic /r/ is used.

2.4. Grammatical patterns Sharp stratification: a sharp distinction between social classes with regard to the use of standard vs. vernacular grammatical structures. (Holmes & Wilson, 2017)

3. Caste dialects

3.1. Similar socio-economic factors for a group of speakers will determine the employing of a social dialect.

4. Social dialects

4.1. Standard English RP: social accent Standard English: social dialect

4.2. Study the relationship between social and regional variations in relation to socioeconomic levels. (Holmes & Wilson, 2017)

5. Social variation

5.1. Received Pronunciation → a social accent; the regional origin of the speaker is concealed!

6. Study the relationship between linguistic variation and socio-economic levels. (Holmes & Wilson, 2017)

7. International varieties

7.1. There are vocabulary differences in the varieties spoken in different regions too

7.1.1. Australians talk of sole parents , for example, while people in England call them single parents , and New Zealanders call them solo parents. (Holmes & Wilson, 2017)

7.2. Pronunciation and vocabulary differences are probably the differences people are most aware of between different dialects of English

7.2.1. Speakers of US English tend to prefer do you have , though this can now also be heard in Britain alongside the traditional British English have you got. (Holmes & Wilson, 2017)

8. Intra-national or intra-continental variation

8.1. Isoglosses

8.1.1. Lines on dialect maps showing the boundaries between two regions which differ with respect to some linguistic feature (such as a lexical item, pronunciation, etc.)

8.2. Is a map of England showing where different dialect words are used for the standard English word splinter (Holmes & Wilson, 2017)

9. Dialects on the outer edges of the geographical area may not be mutually intelligible, but they will be linked by a chain of mutual intelligibility.

10. Cross-continental variation: dialect chains

10.1. At no point is there a complete break (with regard to mutual intelligibility); but the cumulative effect will be such that the greater the geographical separation, the greater the difficulty in comprehending. (Holmes & Wilson, 2017)

11. e.g., Italian - French Paris ----------> Italian border more and more ‘Italian like’ Rome ----------> French border more and more ‘French like’

12. REFERENCE: Holmes, J., & Wilson, N. (2017). An Introduction to Sociolingustics (5th ed.). Routledge. Holmes & Wilson -An Introduction to Sociolinguistics.pdf