1. South Global
1.1. Development
1.1.1. History of colonialism, neo-imperialism, differential economic and social.
1.1.1.1. Access to resources
1.1.1.2. Life expectancy
1.1.1.3. Inequalities
1.1.2. Name patterns of wealth, privilege, and development across broad regions
1.1.2.1. Fragment traditions, language, culture
1.2. Cold War divisions
1.2.1. Refers broadly to the regions of Latin America, Asia, Africa, and Oceania
1.2.1.1. Third World
1.2.1.1.1. Periphery
1.2.1.1.2. Core-periphery
1.2.2. Basic human dignity, before human rights
1.2.2.1. Universal Human dignity
1.2.2.1.1. Not only implied for the West
2. Knowledge (when we talk about "World History" and everything is about Europe or US).
3. Interconnections at planetary level
3.1. These are uneven relationships that makes the wealthy richer and the poor even poorer. However, it is necessary to say that the first ones are only a few.
4. Flows and connections
4.1. Capital, labour, commodities, humans, knowledge, information, movement, etc.
4.1.1. Individuals are placed in different ways in relation to these flows and interconnections
5. Power geomtetry
6. It is not static. It is always changing.
7. Time
7.1. The undersanding of it has changed too
7.1.1. Things and processes have speeded up
8. It prioritizes proposals from the political margins
9. Pluriverse
9.1. It comes with post-development
10. With the own dynamics of globalization, the understanding of space has changed
11. It implies that development is an slogan used by capital to facilitate the implementation of neocolonial enterprise
12. It stops being understood as a homogeneous and delimited space that gathers a consistent community
12.1. It starts being understood as articulated moments in network of social relations.
12.1.1. It is the product of interrelations and connections
13. XVI & XVII Century
13.1. First planetary network of commerce
14. Historical Approaches
14.1. Neoliberalism
14.1.1. 1980 - Its advent
14.1.1.1. Digital technology of communication
14.1.1.1.1. Information travels across the world
14.2. Cold War
14.2.1. End
14.2.1.1. The divided world turns into one again
14.2.1.1.1. Division by developed and underdeveloped countries
14.3. Industrial Revolution
14.3.1. Template for global economy is settled
14.4. Colonialism
14.4.1. Spanish and British empire
14.4.1.1. Implied the first planetary networks of commerce
14.5. Modernity
14.5.1. Globalization's uneven power foundations
15. Space
16. Time-space compression
16.1. Movements, relationships and communication across space and time
16.2. Geographical stretching out and spreading of social relations
16.3. It occurs as a result of the appearance of innovations that condense and shorten spatial and temporal distances
17. Rooted in Marx´s idea of the "annihilation of time by space"
18. To go deeper in globalisation...
19. Global chains of production
19.1. It refers to the interconnected and globalized processes of production
19.1.1. An example is the production of a t-shirt: while the cotton is harvested in India, the manufacture can be done in Indonesia and the final product can be sold in Italy
19.1.1.1. However, production is the key process to explain the growing environmental problems in today's globalisation of production.
19.1.1.2. In developing countries, environmental degradation occurs as a direct result of demand for production from advanced developed countries.
19.1.1.2.1. Weak environmental regulations
19.1.1.2.2. Very low wage labor
19.1.1.3. To increase profits in the capitalist world economy, there has been an increasing amount of resource extraction and toxic additions to the environment.
20. Financialization and the stock market
20.1. What is finance?
20.1.1. Making money out of debt and equity
20.2. E.g Cleaning, care the children, go to pay services
20.3. What is economy?
20.3.1. The way that the society distributed the resources
20.4. Create the imaginary value
20.4.1. Based on expectation
20.5. CRISIS
20.5.1. Increased the values
20.6. Neoliberalism
20.6.1. Transforms international debt as a commodity
20.6.2. It puts higher taxes
20.6.3. Puts the debt in little pieces in the stock market, and the values
20.7. Cultural and epistemic dimensions
20.7.1. Micro-finance
20.7.1.1. The current trend in financing
20.7.1.2. E.g: Datacredito, credit card, GDP
20.8. Care economy
20.8.1. Women produce 15% that GDP
20.8.1.1. Care work
20.8.1.1.1. Produces a lot of work
21. Post-development
21.1. It goes beyond development
21.1.1. Beyond is not after
21.1.2. It is not a linear process
21.2. It entails the idea that development is radically inhospitable
22. Development
22.1. Modernity
23. It has two faces, like a coin
24. FACE 1--> Development
24.1. It has been seen as an ideological tool.
24.2. Although indicators suggest the development is successful, some aspects show the opposite
24.2.1. Largest ecological crisis.
24.2.2. The hyperindividualisation that transforms subjects -human beings- into consumers.
24.2.3. Largest inequality in the history of capitalism.
24.2.4. An universalist vision of needs and wellbeing.
25. FACE 2--> Coloniality
25.1. It is about control.
25.1.1. It connects to the matrix of power
25.2. Imposes a universal vision of how a good life should be, excluding other ways of being in the world.
25.3. It provides the material substrate for modernity
25.3.1. Material conditions are fundamental in order to reach certaing things
25.3.1.1. E.g. Without the petroleum of the Middle East, the U.S would not be able to fulfill its energy demand.
26. In this era, people stop being individuals and begin to belong to a universal community. But, how much of this is true?
27. To acknowledge it, it is important to deconstruct ourselves
28. This requires to shift our point of enunciation
28.1. This includes the fact of listening to who the story has made invisible or has put in second place.
28.2. We need to work under the premise that they too have been part of the contemporaneity and listening in their own terms.
28.3. It is important recognising those in the West who are also working for emancipation in a decolonial way.
28.4. Overcoming the "us" and "them".
29. Fighting for create a new kind of globalisation
30. Both transform spatial heterogeneity into temporal sequences
31. Both are intrinsically related
32. Development is undertood as the last step in a linear temporal line
32.1. It transforms spatial heterogenity into temporal sequences
32.2. It assumes that there is only one temporal line
32.3. It proposes that undeveloped countries "need" to catch up modern and developed countries in order to succeed.
32.4. It differenciates between undeveloped and developed countries.
33. Modernity and coloniality are the same ontological entity
33.1. They cannot be separated
34. It is an alternative to the devastating consequences of development
34.1. It looks for alternatives in the margins, outside hegemonic groups
34.2. It listens the alternatives given by people historically oppresed and silent by the dynamics of development
34.2.1. E. g. Peasants, LGBTIQ+, indigeneous people.
34.3. It distances itself from dynamics of development such as the priorization of the global over the local and modernity, capitalism, state domination, and masculinist values.
35. It goes along the Zapatista belief of creating "un mundo dónde quepan muchos mundos"
35.1. It emphasizes the fact that the world is heterogeneous
36. It proposes transformative initiatives and alternatives to the currently dominant processes of development
37. E.g. Food sovereignty, chinese religions, green economies, etc.
38. While it might seem to be advantageous, it actually entails critical problems
38.1. Unregulated practices
38.1.1. Under paid jobs, unhealthy working conditions, extremely long working hours
38.2. Environmental harashing practices
38.2.1. Use of pesticides, killing of animals or dispossession of land
38.3. It is in risk of being produced by forced labor
38.3.1. Slavery in supply chain
38.3.1.1. Half of the modern slaves of the world (around 20 million) are in the legal chain of production
39. It can be understood with the tread-mill analogy
39.1. Tread-mills, at the beginning, were used to torture english prisioners.
39.1.1. It evolved and now it is use to work out
39.1.1.1. Still, it raises the concern that, everytime you step out of a tread-mill, you have to remember that, once, there was someone who could not.