Mumps

1. Multiple tissues infected during viremia

2. Pathogenesis

2.1. The virus is acquired by respiratory droplet transmission. Transmitted person to person through direct contact

2.2. Replication in nasopharynx and regional lymph nodes

3. Diagnostic Test

3.1. RT-PCR and viral: Buccal swabs are most commonly used for RT-PCR testing.

3.2. Urine and CSF

3.3. IgM serology

4. Nursing Interventions

4.1. Conservative, supportive medical care is indicated for patients with mumps. No antiviral agent is indicated for treatment of this viral illness, as mumps is a self-limited disease.

4.1.1. Instruct patients to self-isolate until 5 days after onset of parotitis or other salivary gland swelling

4.1.2. Analgesics (acetaminophen, ibuprofen) may be used for headaches or discomfort due to parotitis.

4.1.3. Topical application of warm or cold packs to the swollen parotid area may be used to soothe the painful area

4.1.4. Encourage liquid or soft food and restrict food containing acid

5. Prevention

5.1. Vaccination is the best way to prevent mumps.

5.1.1. MMR vaccine

5.1.1.1. Children 1 year of age and older get 2 doses

6. Causative Agent

6.1. caused by a paramyxovirus, a member of the Rubulavirus family.

7. Clinical Features

7.1. Characteristic swelling in the jaw of a young adult and child with mumps.

7.2. Nonspecific prodrome of myalgia, malaise, headache, low-grade fever

7.3. Parotitis: Mumps usually involves pain, tenderness, and swelling in one or both parotid glands.

7.4. Incubation period usually 16 to 18 days (range, 12 to 25 days)

7.5. Typically presents as parotitis

7.6. May presents with respiratory symptoms or be subclinical

8. Complications

8.1. Deafness

8.2. Meningitis

8.3. Myocarditis

8.4. Arthristis

8.5. Infertility

8.6. Vaccinated persons are less likely to present with severe symptoms or complications.