Students retrieve, use and organize what they already know

1. Cues

1.1. Explicitly state what they will learn

1.2. Remind students of what they already know

1.3. Hints for what to pay attention to

1.4. Focus on what's important

2. Questions

2.1. Inferential

2.2. Analytic

3. Advance Organizers

3.1. Expository

3.2. Narrative

3.3. Skimming

3.4. Graphic