PLURALS

1. -s

1.1. To make regular nouns plural, add ‑s to the end.

1.1.1. cat – cats house – houses

1.2. If the singular noun ends in -y and the letter before the -y is a vowel, simply add an -s to make it plural.

1.2.1. ray – rays boy – boys

2. -es

2.1. If the singular noun ends in ‑s, -ss, -sh, -ch, -x, or -z, add ‑es to the end to make it plural.

2.1.1. truss – trusses bus – buses marsh – marshes lunch – lunches tax – taxes blitz – blitzes

3. -ies

3.1. If a singular noun ends in ‑y and the letter before the -y is a consonant, change the ending to ‑ies to make the noun plural.

3.1.1. city – cities puppy – puppies

4. -ves

4.1. If the noun ends with ‑f or ‑fe, the f is often changed to ‑ve before adding the -s to form the plural version.

4.1.1. wife – wives wolf – wolves

4.2. Exceptions: roof – roofs belief – beliefs chef – chefs

5. Irregular

5.1. Irregular nouns follow no specific rules, so it’s best to memorize these or look up the proper pluralization in the dictionary.

5.1.1. child – children goose – geese man – men woman – women tooth – teeth foot – feet mouse – mice person – people