1. The Romans
1.1. Architecture
1.1.1. Build great cities
1.1.2. Magnificent garden
1.1.3. Arenas
1.1.4. Public baths
1.1.5. Theatres
1.1.6. Libraries
1.2. Art
1.2.1. The Romans were a highly literate people
1.2.2. Great libraries were filled with ancient works from Greek
1.2.3. Roman scholars and poets wrote
1.2.4. Latin is the language of Romans
1.3. Law
1.3.1. The Romans developed a code of laws for all the peoples they ruled
1.3.2. Roman had the right to a fair trial and to rescue from poverty
1.3.3. Roman law protected all people from war and from violent outlaws on land and pirates at sea
1.3.4. Pax Romana
1.3.4.1. Roman peace
1.3.5. Woman, non-Roman, and slaves were all denied the right of Roman citizenship
1.4. The Fall of Rome
1.4.1. In 410 C.E
1.4.2. The city of Rome had been conquered by Germanic people and Goths
1.4.3. Germanic people
1.4.3.1. The group of people who spoke Germanic language
1.4.3.1.1. Teutones
1.4.3.1.2. Visigoth
1.4.3.1.3. Angles
1.4.3.1.4. Saxon
1.4.3.1.5. Jutes
1.4.3.1.6. Franks
1.4.3.1.7. Ostrogoths
1.5. After the Fall
1.5.1. Barbarians
1.5.1.1. Mean" The people who speak an unfamiliar language"
1.5.1.2. Any not Roman or Greek
1.5.1.3. When Germanic people moved into Roman provinces, those people attracted to the riches of the Roman Empire
1.5.2. Civilization in western Europe began to wither away.
1.5.2.1. Roads fell into disrepair
1.5.2.2. Travel become dangerous
1.5.2.3. Cities decayed and were deserted
1.5.3. Western Europe slipped into an age of chaos and savagery, torn by violence and ignorance
1.5.4. The glory of Rome become a memory, strangely and a dream for the future
1.5.5. Pope Leo III
1.5.5.1. Crowned Charlemagne Emperor of the Romans
2. The Franks
2.1. "Frank" is mean free
2.2. "Franchise" is mean right to vote
2.3. Farmer
2.4. Loved to making war
2.5. Everyday Life Among The Franks
2.5.1. Serfs
2.5.1.1. People who work the land on their lord's manor
2.5.1.2. The lord or ruler can steal money from serf at anytime
2.5.2. The woman need to marry at 12 years old
2.6. The Merovingians
2.6.1. The Merovingian family ruled the Franks for almost three hundred year
2.6.2. Clovis I
2.6.2.1. 481 to 511 C.E
2.6.2.2. The most successful ruler in the family
2.6.2.3. The kingdom was divided among his children
2.6.3. Most kings and queens were murder by their family members
2.7. The laws of the Franks
2.7.1. Franks had their own legal code, which is different from Roman law
2.7.2. The laws of Franks is called the Salic Code
2.7.3. The Salic Code placed a monetary value on every piece of property and on every person
2.7.4. Wergild
2.7.4.1. Man-money, that is a person's value in money
2.7.5. Arson
2.7.5.1. Intentionally setting fire to property
2.7.6. Betrothal
2.7.6.1. A promise to marry
3. Charlemagne
3.1. Carolingian Empire
3.1.1. 770 to 814 B.C
3.1.2. Biggest Empire in Western Europe
3.2. "Missi dominici"(The lord's messengers)
3.2.1. To make sure people were treated properly
3.3. War
3.3.1. Kill about 4000 Saxons in a single day
3.4. Charlemagne's Renaissance
3.4.1. Interesting in science and literature
3.4.2. Established new school and Latin classics
3.4.3. Carolingian Renaissance
4. The Mediterranean World
4.1. Western European civilization
4.1.1. Mediterranean Sea
4.1.1.1. Had everything necessary to sustain large number of people
4.1.1.1.1. Fertile soil
4.1.1.1.2. Plenty of rainfall and sunshin
4.1.1.1.3. Climate that was moderate
4.1.2. Greek
4.1.2.1. Studied
4.1.2.1.1. Science
4.1.2.1.2. Art
4.1.2.1.3. Medicine
4.1.2.1.4. Philosophy
4.1.2.1.5. Drama
4.1.2.1.6. Literature
4.1.2.1.7. Architecture
4.1.2.2. Alexander
4.1.2.2.1. Spread Greek culture
4.1.2.3. Fell to the Romans
4.1.2.3.1. About 150 B.C.E
4.1.2.3.2. Roman Admired the accomplishment of the Greek
5. The Anglo-Saxon and The Celts
5.1. Anglo-Saxon
5.1.1. Britain
5.1.1.1. England
5.1.1.1.1. Lived in small village
5.1.2. Men and women shared the hard work
5.1.3. Farmer
5.1.4. Great storytellers who created wonderful epics
5.1.4.1. BEOWULF
5.1.5. Lost many battles with Vikings
5.1.6. Drove Celtic into Scotland, Wales, and Cornwall
5.1.7. Divided England to seven kingdoms
5.2. Clets
5.2.1. Celtic peoples
5.2.1.1. Western European culture
5.2.1.1.1. Scottish
5.2.1.1.2. Irish
5.2.1.1.3. Cornish
5.2.1.1.4. Bretons
5.2.1.2. Lived in western and north edge of the British
5.2.1.2.1. Move to Ireland
5.2.1.3. Bloody battles
5.2.1.4. Kept slaves
5.2.1.5. Made human sacrifices
5.2.2. Ireland
5.2.2.1. St. Patrick
5.2.2.1.1. Leader of Ireland
6. The Vikings
6.1. The Viking Reputation
6.1.1. The Viking were mercilessly destructive
6.1.1.1. They killed every man, woman and child they found before they settle in land such as England and France
6.1.2. Vikings took payments called Danegeld from rulers such as Ethelred the Unready
6.1.3. French monarchs paid the Vikings almost 300 kilograms of gold and 15000 kilograms of silver
6.1.4. Only a few ruler could fight the Vikings effectively, but even they weren't able to stop the raids completely
6.2. Viking Law and Goverment
6.2.1. The Viking were great lawmakers, and they designed many laws to protect people and their property.
6.3. The End of Viking Age
6.3.1. End in 11 century
6.3.2. Other countries become stronger
6.3.3. Their land was to large, and it was hard to control all the lands
6.3.4. The dragon ships filled with warriors were no longer seen in the river and seas of western Europe
6.4. Everyday Life Among The Vikings
6.4.1. Viking life was not all wars and raiding parties
6.4.2. Most Viking were farmers and fishers
6.4.3. They came from Scandinavia
6.4.4. Scandinavia
6.4.4.1. Norway
6.4.4.2. Sweden
6.4.4.3. Denmark
6.4.5. People lived at the ends of fjords
6.4.6. Fjords
6.4.6.1. A long, narrow, saltwater bay with high cliffs along its sides
6.4.7. Man and woman shared the work in Viking Sociaty
6.4.8. Free Viking woman had many right under the law
6.4.8.1. They could own property
6.4.8.2. They divorce their spouses
6.4.8.3. They could sue in court
6.4.9. Viking landowners almost always owned slaves, called thralls, who did much of the heavy work on the farm.
6.4.10. Most thralls had either been taken captive on Viking raids or been sold into slavery
6.4.11. Vikings were highly skilled woodworkers and smiths and many artworks have survied
6.4.12. The keepers of Viking history and legend were called skalds