1. The Anglo-Saxons and the Celts
1.1. the english/Germanic invaders
1.1.1. Angles, Saxons, and Jutes moved in driving out the native celtic peoples
1.1.1.1. Germanic invaders began to settle in britain so they pushed the celts to ireland
1.1.1.2. the celtic language and culture disapeared from the seven kingdoms
1.1.2. they were farmers although they thought of themselves as warriors
1.1.2.1. they were also skilled metal workers
1.1.2.2. they were also skilled story tellers
1.1.2.2.1. they created wonderful epics such as beowulf
1.1.3. men and women shared the work and the agriculture between them
1.1.4. Alfred the great lost many battles to the Vikings
1.1.4.1. he left england prosperous and united until the time of William the conquerer
1.2. The irish
1.2.1. they worshiped nature
1.2.1.1. then st Patrick converted them to christianity
1.2.2. monastarys were sanctuaries of knowledge and learning
1.2.2.1. ireland was the centre of learning in europe until the time of charlemagne
1.2.2.2. missionaries converted the far off places to christianity, many died trying
1.2.2.3. they wrote all the storys that would be lost now if it wasnt for them
2. The Romans
2.1. Roman Culture
2.1.1. flourished more than ever.
2.1.2. copied the greeks art and architecture
2.1.3. highly literate people
2.1.4. libraries
2.1.4.1. they were filled with greek and Egyptian anceint works
2.1.5. Canadian laws were based on some of the roman ones
2.1.6. the Pax Romana
2.1.6.1. Roman peace, made trade and and exange of ideas easier
2.1.6.2. Women, non-Romans and slaves were all denied the rights of roman citizenship
2.2. The Fall of Rome
2.2.1. 410bc the Goths conquered Rome
2.2.2. only the eastern roman empire remained strong, Constantinople
2.3. After the fall
2.3.1. Barbarians meant people who speak unfamiliar language
2.3.2. As the Roman legions moved inward to rome, The Angles, Saxons, Jutes, Goths, Vandals, Lombards, and the Franks
2.3.2.1. They were attracted to the Roman empires wealth and riches.
2.3.3. local rulers tried to make another rome but never prevailed
2.3.4. the glory of rome became a memory
2.3.4.1. but also a dream for the future
2.3.5. it lasted from 467-800bc
3. The Mediterranean World
3.1. the history of Europe began ages ago in the Mediterranean
3.1.1. the two most important civilizations were Greece and Rome
3.1.1.1. the Greeks studied Phylosophy
3.1.1.1.1. in the fourth century Alexander the great conquered and spread Greek influence
3.1.1.1.2. the greeks fell to the romans at about 150 B.C.E.
3.1.1.2. The romans admired the prowess of the Geeks so they copied it
3.1.1.2.1. They also developed new ideas such as roads and trade routes through the mediterranean world
3.1.1.2.2. The romans legions were so powerful they controlled most of europe and southeast asia
3.2. It was a fertile place easy for trade and great for farming
3.2.1. the transportation route encouraged trade and the exchange of ideas
4. The franks
4.1. who are they?
4.1.1. Farmers who loved making wars
4.1.2. conquered: Gaul (France) in the late 4th century to the early 5th century
4.1.3. armed with an axe called Francisca
4.1.4. Frank means Free!
4.1.5. a Germanic tribe.
4.1.6. Both males and females wore their hair long and wore jewelry.
4.2. Everyday Life
4.2.1. Social classes
4.2.2. Around 60% were serfs, peasants and people who worked on the land.
4.2.3. Serfs were not slaves but they weren't allowed to move away from their manor.
4.2.4. Their lords their food or crops at any time.
4.2.5. Merchants tried to profit from the misfortune of ordinary people by raising prices on food when it was scarce.
4.3. The Laws.
4.3.1. they Their own laws.
4.3.1.1. based on Roman Laws
4.3.2. The Salic code
4.3.2.1. it placed a monetary value on every person
4.3.2.2. Named after the Salian Franks who settled in France.
4.3.3. The wergild
4.3.3.1. It was paid if a family member was killed or injured or if someone had stolen from them
4.3.3.2. a family could refuse a fine and order the guilty person to die.
4.4. The Merovingian's.
4.4.1. Ruled The Franks for almost 300 years
4.4.1.1. Clovis I most successful ruler.
4.4.1.1.1. Founded France
4.4.1.1.2. Made Paris its capital
4.4.1.1.3. reined from 481-511 BC
4.4.1.2. very corrupt family
4.4.1.3. Always killing each other.
4.4.1.4. 2 Century's.
4.4.1.5. Kingdom fell into chaos
5. Charlemagne
5.1. In the year 768c.e. Charlemagne came to power
5.1.1. Pepin the short was his father
5.1.1.1. made himself king by throwing down the last of the Merovingians
5.1.1.2. Pepins father, Charles Martel defeated the muslim army
5.1.2. was very interested in rebiulding a new Rome
5.1.2.1. he expanded his empire in every direction
5.1.2.2. he improved education throughout the empire
5.1.3. On christmas day 800 he was crowned emperor by pope leo III
5.1.3.1. Carolingian Empire gave alot of europe a rest after being in wars since rome fell
5.1.3.2. He governed from his palace in aachen (Germany)
5.1.3.2.1. he did allow local governments lots of power but just in case he sent out agents
5.1.3.2.2. he created laws that were better for serfs and tradespeople
6. The Vikings
6.1. The Raids
6.1.1. they would strike in their longships at dawn then leave quikly the next day.
6.1.2. Vikings started raiding in the early 800's
6.1.2.1. on easter sunday, 855 the vikings attacked paris, right in the middle of charlemagnes empire
6.1.2.2. they raided many different countries, Netherlands, belgium, ireland, england, spain, italy, the other regions of the mediterranean and all the way down to the great rivers of russia
6.1.3. their raiding forces ranged from lone ships to whole fleets
6.2. The Reputation
6.2.1. They wre vicios people and they would enslave or kill any man woman or child they found.
6.2.2. some monarchs and church leaders would pay them to leave them alone.
6.2.2.1. the tax was called danegeld.
6.2.2.2. over the years the vikings had made 300 kilo's of gold and 15000 kilo's of silver.
6.2.3. Very few rulers tried to fight them such as charlemagne.
6.2.3.1. but they couldnt stop the raids.
6.3. The End Of The Vikings
6.3.1. it ended in the eleventh century
6.3.2. the king of France gave the province of Normandy to the vikings
6.3.2.1. the vikings eventually stopped raiding after settling
6.4. The laws
6.4.1. The vikings had man laws to protect people
6.4.1.1. Vikings usually fined crinimals
6.4.2. the worst punishment was being an outlaw
6.4.2.1. outlaws could be killed on sight if found in someones property
6.5. Everyday Life
6.5.1. Vikings were mostly fishers and farmers.
6.5.1.1. they lived by the sea in small villages
6.5.2. they raided because the population was growing and they needed the resources.
6.5.2.1. They lived in skandinavia
6.5.2.1.1. the modern countries of Norway, Sweden and Denmark
6.5.3. Men and women shared the work
6.5.3.1. Viking women had ust as much rights as Viking men
6.5.3.1.1. They could divorce their husband and sue in the court
6.5.3.1.2. There was even great woman warriors
6.5.4. Thralls were slaves and they had no rights
6.5.4.1. they were captured from Viking raids
6.5.5. Vikings had a rich culture
6.5.5.1. they had different gods as well like the romans
6.5.5.1.1. Odin Thor Freya
6.5.5.1.2. the keepers of the legends were called skalds