7.3 Unit Wrap-Up

1. What were the different ways in which Aboriginal societies were structured (i.e., Iroquois 
Confederacy, Ojibwa, Mi’kmaq)?

1.1. Iroquois Confederacy: They would make alliances with other nations so when they were at war with other people they would have more support. The whole nation was made up of five other nations: the Seneca, Cayuga, Onondaga, Oneida, Mohawk, and Haudenosaunee.

1.2. Ojibwa: They lived in a extended family of clans in lodges. The loges were made out of birch bark. They organized themselves in 7 clans named after animals. Each clan had there own job for the nation.

1.3. Mi'kmaq: The government allowed people to live in harmony, work together, and get things done together. A grand council leader was elected from among the District Chiefs. The remaining District Chiefs made up the the Council. The Grand Council united the 7 districts to help solove problems between them.

2. How did the structures of Aboriginal societies affect decision making in each society 
(i.e., role and status of women, consensus building)?

2.1. Ojibwa: Each clan had a leader who was chosen from bravery, hunting skills, or character. Every nation sent a leader to take part in the central council. This council was made up of 50 leaders chosen from the clan mothers. The council met maybe once or twice a year to discuss important issues like trade. The ideas would be passed around until they all came to a consensus.

2.2. Mi'kmaq: The leaders did not tell what the Mi'kmaq people to do. They would listen to all men and women to wanted an opinion on the issue. This process was called using Consensus.

2.3. Iroquois Confederacy: The women played a big part in decision making. Even through the chiefs were mostly men the clan mothers chose who the chief would be.

3. What were the social and economic factors of European imperialism?

3.1. Economics: They set up colonies so they could get resources from the land. Furs in France and Britain were popular, so in America they could hunt for more beavers that provided furs.

3.2. Competition: They were a lot of time in war, so the colonies provided iron ore to build up the military and the navie.

3.3. Religion: Most Europeans were Christians so the colonies would give them a place to practice their own religion.

3.4. Curiosity: They were curious what lay behind the horizon and they want to see what it was.

3.5. Quality of Life: The cities were overcrowded with people and the colonies provided more space

4. In what ways did European imperialism impact the social and economic structures of 
Aboriginal societies?

4.1. It effected their societies because when the European came they traded with the Aboriginal people. They brought with them guns and alchohol.

4.2. They also made the Beothuk extincted by creating colonies because the Beothuk Nation was very afraid of different people coming to their land. They avoid the British as best as possible. When the British left for the winter, and the Beothuk would sometimes raid the fishing villages for supplies like hooks and rope. When the British came back spring they were furious that the nation robbed them. So they hunted them with their guns and killed lots of the tribe. But the British also brought back different diseases from England with them that resulted in killing all other Beothuk members but one.called Shanawdithit and when she died in 1829 the Beothuk were extincted.

5. How was European imperialism responsible for the development of Acadia, New France and 
British settlements?

5.1. 13 Colonies: Since France and Spain got lots of resources and money from their colonies, Britain thought it would do the same for them.

5.2. Acadia: Fist was in Port-Royal. It was a place where the French lived. Also they made a lot of trades there. Therfor, more money.

5.3. New France: They set up colonies because they could get the resources from the land to build up their military and homes.

6. Who were the key figures in the French exploration and settlement of North America?

6.1. Jacques Cartier: discovered the St. Lawrence River.

6.2. Donnacona: was the chief of Stadacona which Jacques Cartier discovered on the St. Lawrence River. He helped them cure scurvy.

6.3. King Louis XIV: was important because he was the king who wanted to make colonies in the New World for France and payed for the trip.

6.4. Samuel de Champlain: he made the first good map of the coast and he helped establish the settlements

6.5. Pierre de Monts: was a French explorer and colonizer

6.6. Rene' Robert Cavelier: He explored the Great Lakes of Canada and the Mississippi River

6.7. Pierre Radisson: discovered the fur trade and the salted sea which may be the Hudson's bay

7. What roles did the Royal Government and the Catholic Church play in the social structure of 
New France (i.e., governor, intendant, Jesuits, religious congregations)?

7.1. Governor: he was the kings representative. He was in charge of the defense of the colony and the relationship with enemy's and allies.

7.2. Intendant: is the second most powerful member. Was in charge of day-to-day affairs on the colony. Also he supervised the courts, watched the roads being built, and managed the colonies economy.

7.3. Bishop: was the head of the church in the colony. Since he was a member of the Sovereign Council, he play a role in politics.

8. Who were the key figures in the British exploration and settlement of North America?

8.1. John Cabot: he found Newfoundland, but he was looking for a quicker route to Asia.

8.2. Walter Raleigh: was the first English explorer to try and build a colony in North America in 1585.

8.3. King Charles II: granted a monopoly to the Hudson's Bay Company to help the company.

8.4. John Guy: Was the person to try and colonize Newfoundland.

8.5. Henry Hudson: he discovered what is now called Hudson's Bay.

8.6. Anthony Henday: Was the first white man to explore the interior of Canada in the northwest.

8.7. Henry Kelsey: was a fur trader and a explorer and play a part in the Hudson's Bay company.

9. What role did the British government play in the settlement of North America?

9.1. They started colonies where they could set up trade and bring back wanted goods such as tobacco, fish and lumber.

9.1.1. fish:

9.1.1.1. lumber:

9.1.1.1.1. tobacco:

9.2. The kings would pay for the trip to North America and back for the explorers to travel. Also they would give rights to make villages to fish so that the men could get fish and bring it back for money.