LAUGHTER OUT OF PLACE CHAPTERS 2,3

1. GLORIA'S LIFE IS AN EXAMPLE OF THIS CYCLE: STARTS OFF IN POVERTY, IS WORKING AS A COOK FOR A PLANTATION OWNER AT 9 YEARS OLD, THE OLDEST GIRLS OF THE 13 CHILDREN SHE PROVIDES FOR FOLLOW SUIT WORKING THEMSELVES AS DOMESTIC WORKERS.

2. GLORIA HAS HIGH HOPES FOR HER CHILDREN BUT THEY TOO FALL VICTIM OF THIS CYCLE. IT IS NEARLY IMPOSSIBLE TO HELP REAR THE SMALLER ONES WHILE ATTENDING SCHOOL AND HAVING TO WORK TO SUPPORT THE FAMILY.

3. AT THE END OF THE DAY THE MULATA WOMAN MAY EPITIMIZE THE SEXUAL FANTASIES OF BRAZILIAN'S BUT "WHITE" STILL HOLDS MORE VALUE .

4. IN ORDER FOR THE MULATA TO BE "SOCIALLY ACCEPTED" AND BE CONSIDERED FOR UPWARD MOBILTY SHE MUST: SUCCESSFULLY SEDUCE A "COROA", BE ABLE TO SAMBA, AND HER "BROWN" MUST HAVE SOME "WHITE" TO IT.

5. THE "MULATA" WOMAN (THE MOST SEXUALLY DESIRED BROWN AND SENSUAL WOMAN WITH A LARGE ROUND REAR AND CAN SAMBA) IS THE THEME OF CARNAVAL AND IS CELEBRATED AT THIS TIME. AGAIN THIS IS LINKED TO SLAVERY AND THE "MIXING OF THE RACES".

6. IT IS NOT UNCOMMON FOR THE DOMESTIC WORKER TO "SERVICE" THE HUSBAND AND HIS SONS.

7. DOMESTIC SERVICE IS AMONGST THE LOWEST PAYING JOB IN RIO DE JANEIRO.

7.1. IN RIO DOMESTIC SERVICE IS CONSIDERED A NECESSITY BUT ALSO IS A "CLASS MARKER"

7.1.1. THE HISTORICAL IMPLICATIONS OF SLAVERY ARE BEST SEEN AS THE CYCLE OF POVERTY FOR AFRO-BRAZILIANS IS PERPETUATED BY DOMESTIC SERVICE

8. THE ROOTS OF SLAVERY ARE ALSO SEEN IN THE THEME OF SEXUALITY

9. "MEU NEGINHA" (MY NEGRO) IS A TERM OF ENDEARMENT FOR CLIENTS WHO HIRE DOMESTIC WORKERS FOR THEY OFTEN GET CLOSE TO THEM AND DEVELOP A TRUSTING RELATIONSHIP.

10. EVEN GOLDSTEIN'S FRIENDS AND CO-WORKERS WHO ARE ACTIVISTS EMPLOY DOMESTIC WORKERS PERPETUATING THE CYCLE THEY SEEK TO FIX.

11. THE MIDDLE AND UPPER CLASS BRAZILIANS "EXPECT" TO HAVE SOMEONE COOK AND CLEAN FOR THEM (IT IS COMMON PLACE TO HAVE A MAID OF SOME TYPE)

12. "GLORIA EARNS ROUGHLY $6.00 A DAY AND SPENDS $1.00 ON BUS FARE.

13. AFRO-BRAZILIAN WOMEN ARE MOST OFTEN REPRESENTED IN THESE OCCUPATIONS.

14. EVEN PROSTITUTION EARNS BETTER WAGES.

14.1. EVEN THE LOWEST EARNING MIDDLE CLASS WORKER CAN AFFORD DOMESTIC SERVICE.