1. Reference: Kubiszyn, T. & Borich, G. (2009). Educational Testing and Measurement: Classroom Application and Practice (9th Ed). John Wiley & Sons.
2. Content Validity Evidence is the simplest way to determine whether or not tests have sufficient validity. Content validity is primarily used to make sure test items match instructional objectives but does not estimate the validity numerically.
3. Criterion-Related Validity Evidence: in establishing criterion-related validity evidence, scores from a test are correlated with an external criterion.
3.1. Concurrent criterion-related validity evidence: deals with measures that can be administered at the same time as the measure to be validated.
3.2. Predictive validity evidence: refers to how well test predicts some future behavior of the examinees. It is particularly useful and important for aptitude tests, which attempt to predict how well test takers will do in some future setting.
4. Alternate Forms or Equivalence: if there are twoequivalent forms of a test, thse forms can be used to obtain an estimate of the reliability of the scores from the test. Both forms are administered to a group of students, and the correlation between the two sets of scores is determined.
5. Test-Retest or Stability: the test is given twice and the correlation between the first set of scores and the second set of scores is determined.
6. Internal Consistency: if the test in question is designed to measure a single basic concept, it is reasonable to assume that people who get one item right will be more likely to get other, similar items right.
6.1. Split-half methods: splitting the test into two equivalent halves and determining the correlation between them.
6.2. Kuder-Richardson methods: these methods measure the extent to which items within one form of the test have as much in common with one another as do the items in that one form with corresponding items in an equivalent form.
7. Construct Validity Evidence: a test has construct validity evidence if its relationship to other information corresponds well with some theory. A theory is (Kua logical explanation or rationale that can account for the interrelationships among a set of variables.
