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Waves by Mind Map: Waves

1. Longditutional

1.1. Sound

1.1.1. Aspects Of It

1.1.1.1. Propogation Of Sounds

1.1.1.1.1. What it is

1.1.1.1.2. How to observe it

1.1.1.2. Mediums

1.1.1.2.1. What It Is

1.1.1.3. Frequencies

1.1.1.3.1. Humans - 20Hz <-> 20kHz - Range of audiable frequencies - Ears lose sensitivity with time > Human Range - Ultrasound < Human Range - Infrasound Ultra/Infrasound - Used by animals / technology

1.1.1.4. Speed

1.1.1.4.1. Factors Affecting - Density or molecules in a medium - more molecues - less thermal energy gets conducted to the molecule before being conducted away = more energy = lower speed for given energy amount Speed = Distance Travelled / Time taken

1.1.1.5. Echo

1.1.1.5.1. Reflected sound waves - heard after intervals of silence = Echo Reverberation - Echos too cloes to each other to hear distince intervals = Reflecting surface too near Speed of sound [Derived from echo] - Distance to wall and back / Time Taken

1.1.1.6. Pitch / Loudness of Sound Pitch - Frequency > , Pitch > - Crests / Throughs closer together Loudness / A,,plitue - Aplitude > , Volume >

1.1.1.7. Ultrasound

1.1.1.7.1. - Frequency = >20 kHz - Humans can't hear - Used by aniamals / technology

1.1.2. What It Is

1.1.2.1. A form of energy - Propogated from 1 point to another - Longditutional Wave - Produced by vibration of some objects

2. Transverse

2.1. Waves In The Electromagnetic Spectrum

2.1.1. What it is

2.1.1.1. A classificatiom of waves of differing wave lengths

2.1.1.1.1. The relationship

2.1.2. What waves are in it

2.1.2.1. gamma rays -> X - rays [0.1 nm] -> ultra - violet waves [0.1 picometre] -> light [0.5 picometre] -> Infra -red radiation [0.001 mm] -> microwaves [1cm] -> radio waves [1km]

2.1.2.1.1. Specific Wave Properties

2.1.3. How they are related

2.1.3.1. - All transverse waves - Travel at speed of light [ 3x 10^8m s^-1] - Produced by simultaneous vibration of electric and magnetic fieldds - Transfer energy from one place to another - Can travel through a vaccum - Travel through vacuum at speed of light - All show wave properties like refraction and reflection - Obey wave equation of V = f x wavelength

2.1.4. What effects they cause

2.1.4.1. - primarily cause heating effects - over exposure harmful efects - sunburn, skin cancer [eg] - electromagnetic wave have small packets energy, photons - frequency > , amount energy photon > - according frequency and energy, electromagnetic waves classify - ionising radiations / non-ionising radiations - ionising radiations - extreme high frequency [eg gamma rays, x rays] - enough energy for ionisation - process, 1 or more electron removed from neutral atom by radiation - harm living cells [change equation] - destroy / modify living tissues - non-ionising radiations - photon energy too weak produce ionisation [eg ultra-violet radiation, visible light, infra-red radiation, microwave, radio wave