1. Unit 2 - Module 1 - Lesson 1
1.1. Reference Point
1.1.1. The starting point you choose to describe the location, or position, of an object.
1.2. Position
1.2.1. An object's distance and direction from a reference point.
1.3. Displacement
1.3.1. The difference between the initial, or starting, position and the final position.
1.4. Speed
1.4.1. A measure of the distance an object travels in a given amount of time.
1.5. Average Speed
1.5.1. The total distance traveled divided by the total time.
1.6. Velocity
1.6.1. The speed and direction of a moving object.
1.7. Vector
1.7.1. A quantity that has both magnitude and direction.
1.8. Distance Time Graphs
1.8.1. This type of graph shows how an object's position changes during each time interval.
2. Unit 2 - Module 1 - Lesson 2
2.1. Acceleration
2.1.1. A measure of the change in velocity during a period of time.
2.2. Forces
2.2.1. A push or a pull on an object.
2.3. Contact Forces
2.3.1. A push or a pull on one object by another object that is touching it.
2.4. Newtons 2nd Law of motion
2.4.1. The acceleration of an object equals the net force on the object divided by the object's mass.
2.5. Friction
2.5.1. A force that resists the sliding motion of two surfaces that are touching.
2.6. Free Body Diagram
2.6.1. A simple model to understand systems of objects with any amount of applied forces.
2.7. Net Force
2.7.1. The sum of all the forces acting on an object.
2.8. Newtons 1st Law of motion
2.8.1. An object in motion stay in motion and, an object at rest will stay at rest unless acted on by a force.
3. Unit 2 - Module 1 - Lesson 3
3.1. Newtons 3rd law of motion
3.1.1. When an object applies a force on another object, the second object applies a force of the same strength on the first object but the force is in the opposite direction.
3.2. Force Pairs
3.2.1. The forces two objects apply to each other.
3.3. Normal Forces
3.3.1. The force that pushes perpendicular to object's surface.
3.4. Collision Forces
3.4.1. When one object collides with another object, a force is applied to the second object.
3.5. Elastic Collision
3.5.1. When colliding objects bounce off each other.
3.6. Inelastic Collision
3.6.1. If objects collide and stick together.
4. Unit 2 - Module 1 - Lesson 4
4.1. Noncontact Force
4.1.1. A force that one object can apply to another object without touching it.
4.2. Gravitational Force
4.2.1. An attractive force that exists between all objects that have mass.
4.3. Gravitational Field
4.3.1. A region of space that has physical quantity (such as a force) at every point.
4.4. Gravitational Force and Mass
4.4.1. When the mass of one or both objects increases, the gravitational force between them also increases.
4.5. Gravitational Force and Distance
4.5.1. As the distance between objects increases, the attraction between objects decreases.
4.6. Gravity in our solar system
4.6.1. Held planets in orbit due to a gravitational force created by the Sun.
4.7. Gravitational Acceleration
4.7.1. When you divide the force of gravity on the washers by the mass of the washers, you can find the gravitational acceleration.
4.8. Weight
4.8.1. The gravitational force exerted on an object.
4.9. General Relativity
4.9.1. A theory of gravitation developed by Albert Einstein between 1907 and 1915.
5. Unit 2 - Module 2 - Lesson 1
5.1. Kinetic energy
5.1.1. Energy that is due in motion.
5.2. Kinetic energy and mass
5.2.1. Relationship between mass and kinetic energy is a proportional, linear relationship; if we double the mass, you double the KE
5.3. Kinetic energy and speed
5.3.1. When you increase the speed of an object, the kinetic energy increases by the square of the factor; if we double the speed, you quadruple the KE.
6. Unit 2 - Module 2 - Lesson 2
6.1. Potential Energy
6.1.1. The energy due to interactions between objects or particles when the distance between them changes.
6.2. Elastic Potential Energy
6.2.1. Energy stored in objects that are compressed or stretched such as springs or rubber bands.
6.3. Gravitational Potential Energy
6.3.1. Energy stored due to interactions between objects in a gravitational field.
7. Unit 2 - Module 2 - Lesson 3
7.1. Mechanical Energy
7.1.1. The sum of the potential energy and kinetic energy in a system.
7.2. Conservation of energy
7.2.1. Even though energy is always transferring, energy is not created or destroyed.
7.3. Work
7.3.1. The transfer of energy to an object by a force that makes an object move in the direction of the force.
7.4. Thermal Energy Transformation
7.4.1. Friction between two surfaces.
8. Unit 2 - Module 3 - Lesson 1
8.1. Magnet
8.1.1. An object that attracts iron and other materials that have magnetic qualities similar to iron.
8.2. Ferromagnetic Elements
8.2.1. Any material that is strongly attracted to a magnet is a magnetic material; often contain ferromagnetic elements.
8.3. Magnetic Force
8.3.1. A force of attraction or repulsion created by a magnet.
8.4. Magnetic Poles
8.4.1. A place where the force a magnet applies is strongest.
8.5. Magnetic Fields
8.5.1. An invisble magnetic field surrounds a magnet.
8.6. Compasses
8.6.1. The needle of a compass is a small magnet, like other magnets, it has a north and south pole which is used to align the field lines and points in the direction of the field lines.
8.7. Magnetic Strength
8.7.1. They vary; a magnet on a refrigerator can pick up paper clips while a MRI is 200 times stronger than the magnet on a refrigerator.
8.8. Magnetic Potential Energy
8.8.1. Stored energy due to interactions of magnetic poles in a magnetic field.
8.9. Magnetic Domain
8.9.1. A region in a magnetic material in which the magnetic fields of the atoms all point in the same direction.
8.10. Nonmagnetic Materials
8.10.1. Most materials do not have atoms grouped in magnetic domains.
8.11. Magnetic Materials
8.11.1. In magnetic materials atoms are grouped in magnetic domains.
8.12. Temporary Magnet
8.12.1. Placing a magentic material in a strong magnetic field causes the material's magnetic domains to line up.
8.13. Permanent Magnets
8.13.1. The magnetic domains remain lined up even when the magnetic field is removed.
9. Unit 2 - Module 3 - Lesson 4
9.1. All photos are attachments because it wouldn't let me upload them!
9.1.1. CLICK THE LITTLE BUTTON THAT HAS THE ATTACHMENT ON EACH DEFINITION THAT MAY HAVE ONE
9.2. Electromagnetism
9.2.1. The interaction between electric charges and magnets.
9.3. Electric Current
9.3.1. The movement of electrically charged particles.
9.4. Magnetic Fields
9.4.1. An invisble magnetic field surrounds a magnet.
9.5. Increasing Magnetic Field Strength
9.5.1. Increasing the lifting power of an electromagnet.
9.6. Controlling electromagnets
9.6.1. It can turn on or off their magnetic field or it can control their strength by the number of loops in the coil and the amount of electric current in the coil.
9.7. Electric Motor
9.7.1. A device that uses an electric current to produce motion.
9.8. Generating Electric Current
9.8.1. When a magnet is moved through a wire coil that is part of a closed electric circuit, an electric current is produced in the circuit.
9.9. Electric Generator
9.9.1. A device that uses a magnetic field to transfer mechanical energy to electric energy.
9.10. Mechanical to electric energy
9.10.1. A useful energy transfer occurs in a generator.
9.11. Direct Current
9.11.1. An electric current that flows in one direction.
9.12. Alternating Current
9.12.1. An electric current that changes direction in a regular pattern.
10. Unit 2 - Module 3 - Lesson 2
10.1. Charges
10.1.1. A characteristic of a unit of matter that expresses the extent to which it has more or fewer electrons than protons.
10.2. Electric Fields
10.2.1. A region of space around an electrically charged particle or object in which an electric charge would feel force.
10.3. Electric Field Strength
10.3.1. A quantitative expression of the intensity of an electric field at a particular location.
10.4. Electric Potential Energy
10.4.1. The energy that is needed to move a charge against an electric field.
10.5. Electrically charged objects
10.5.1. Have an imbalance of charge - either more negative electrons than positive protons or vice versa.
10.6. Electrically Neutral
10.6.1. No net electrical charge.
10.7. Induction
10.7.1. The production of an electromotive force across an electrical conductor in a changing magnetic field.
10.8. Electric Insulator
10.8.1. A material in which electric current does not flow freely.
10.9. Electric Conductor
10.9.1. A substance or material that allows electricity to flow through it.
10.10. Conduction
10.10.1. The process by which heat energy is transmitted through collisions between neighboring atoms or molecules.
10.11. Conservation of Charge
10.11.1. The principle that the total electric charge in an isolated system never changes.
11. Unit 2 - Module 3 - Lesson 3
11.1. Simple Circuit
11.1.1. A loop through which something flows or travels.
11.2. Closed Circuit
11.2.1. A complete electrical circuit through which current can flow when a voltage is applied.
11.3. Open Circuit
11.3.1. A circuit where the path has been interrupted or "opened" at some point so that current will not flow.
11.4. Charged Particles
11.4.1. A particle with an electric charge.
11.5. Electric Current
11.5.1. The movement of particles, starting at the moment when an external voltage is applied at one of the ends of the conductor.
11.6. Voltage
11.6.1. The pressure from an electrical circuit's power source that pushes charged electrons (current) through a conducting loop.
11.7. Energy
11.7.1. The capacity or power to do work.
12. Unit 3 - Module 1 - Lesson 1
12.1. Wave
12.1.1. A disturbance that transfers energy from one place to another without transferring energy.
12.2. Vibration
12.2.1. Is a back-and-forth or an up-and-down movement of an object.
12.3. Tranverse Wave
12.3.1. A wave in which the disturbance is perpendicular to the direction the wave travels.
12.4. Mechanical Wave
12.4.1. A wave that can travel only through matter.
12.5. Water waves
12.5.1. Friction between the wind at sea and the water forms water waves.
12.6. Mediums
12.6.1. A material in which a wave travels.
12.7. Longitudinal Waves
12.7.1. Causes the particles in a medium to move parallel to the direction that the wave travels.
12.8. Wavelength
12.8.1. The distance between one point on a wave and the nearest point just like it.
12.9. Sound Waves
12.9.1. A longitudinal wave that can travel only through matter.
12.10. Amplitude
12.10.1. A wave is the maximum distance that the wave moves from its rest position.
12.11. Intensity
12.11.1. The amount of sound energy that passes through a square meter of space in one second.
12.12. Decibel
12.12.1. Describes the intensity and, in turn, the loudness of sound.
12.13. Frequency
12.13.1. The number of times the pattern repeats in a given time.
12.14. Pitch
12.14.1. The perception of how high or low a sound seems.
13. Unit 3 - Module 1 - Lesson 2
13.1. Reflection
13.1.1. The bouncing of a wave off of a surface.
13.2. Absorption
13.2.1. The transfer of energy by a wave to the medium through which it travels.
13.3. Transmission
13.3.1. The passage of waves through a medium.
13.4. Diffraction
13.4.1. The change of direction of a wave when it travels by the edge of an object or through an opening.
14. Unit 3 - Module 2 - Lesson 1
14.1. Light
14.1.1. Electromagnetic radiation that you can see.
14.2. Radiant Energy
14.2.1. Energy carried by an electromagnetic wave.
14.3. Light energy
14.3.1. A kind of kinetic energy with the ability to make types of light visible to human eyes.
14.4. Light brightness
14.4.1. How much light appears to shine from something.
14.5. Speed of light
14.5.1. Speed at which light waves propagate through different materials.
14.6. Light sources
14.6.1. Anything that makes light, whether natural and artificial.
14.7. Transparent
14.7.1. A material that allows almost all of the light striking it to pass through, and through which objects can be seen clearly.
14.8. Translucent
14.8.1. A material that allows most of the light that strikes it to pass through, but through which objects appear blurry.
14.9. Opaque
14.9.1. A material through which light does not pass.
14.10. Reflection
14.10.1. The bouncing of a wave off a surface.
15. Unit 3 - Module 2 - Lesson 2
15.1. Law of Reflection
15.1.1. Law that states that when a wave is reflected from a surface, the angle of reflection is equal to the angle of incidence.
15.2. Virtual image
15.2.1. An image of an object that your brain perceives to be in a place where the object is not.
15.3. Concave mirrors
15.3.1. A mirror that curves inwards.
15.4. Focal Point
15.4.1. The point where light rays parallel to the optical axis converge after being reflected by a mirror or refracted by a lens.
15.5. Convex Mirror
15.5.1. A mirror that curves outwards.
15.6. Real image
15.6.1. An image that forms where rays converge.
15.7. Regular Reflection
15.7.1. Reflection of light that can travel only through matter.
15.8. Diffuse Reflection
15.8.1. Reflection of light from a rough surface.
15.9. Scattering
15.9.1. A change in the direction of motion of a particle because of a collision with another particle.
15.9.1.1. The video is in an attachment for some odd reason
16. Unit 4 - Module 1 - Lesson 1
16.1. Population
16.1.1. A species living in a given area.
16.2. Natural Resources
16.2.1. A part of the environment that supplies material useful or necessary for the survival of living things.
16.3. Carrying Capacity
16.3.1. The largest number of individuals of a given species that Earth’s resources can support and maintain.
17. Unit 4 - Module 2 - Lesson 2
17.1. The Moon
17.1.1. The most widely accepted origin explanation posits that the Moon formed 4.51 billion years ago, not long after Earth, out of the debris from a giant impact between the planet and a hypothesized Mars-sized body called Theia.
17.2. Lunar Phase
17.2.1. New moon, waxing crescent, first quarter, waxing gibbous, full moon, waning gibbous, third quarter and waning crescent.
17.3. Waxing Phases
17.3.1. An intermediate phase when the Moon's apparent shape is thickening, from new to a full moon.
17.4. Waning Phases
17.4.1. The same thing as the waxing phase but it's thinning rather thickening to a new Moon.
18. Unit 1 - Module 1 - Lesson 1
18.1. The fossil record
18.1.1. A geologic time scale made of different time periods in life. Eons, to eras, to periods.
18.2. Inclusions
18.2.1. A piece of an older rock that becomes a part of a new rock.
18.3. Lateral Continuity
18.3.1. The principle that sediments are deposited in large, continuous sheets in all lateral directions.
18.4. Relative Age Dating
18.4.1. To determine rocks/features if they're either younger or older than the other rocks/features around them.
18.5. Absolute Age
18.5.1. The numerical age, in years, of a rock or object.
18.6. Uniformitarianism
18.6.1. A principle stating that geologic processes that occur today are similar to those that occurred in the past.
18.7. Sediment
18.7.1. Broken down bits of rocks that get carried around from water or wind to different places.
18.8. Strata
18.8.1. Layers of different types of rock.
18.9. Cross Cutting Relationships
18.9.1. The principle that if one geologic feature cuts across another feature, the feature that it cuts across is older.
18.10. Mass Extinctions
18.10.1. The extinction of many species on Earth within a short period of time.
18.11. Original Horizontality
18.11.1. The principle that most rock-forming materials are deposited in horizontal layers.
18.12. Superposition
18.12.1. The principle that in undisturbed rock layers, the oldest rocks are on the bottom.
18.13. Relative Age
18.13.1. The age of rocks and geologic features compared with other nearby rocks and features.
19. Unit 1 - Module 1 - Lesson 2
19.1. Unconformities
19.1.1. The surfaces where rock erode away and produce breaks/gaps in the rock record.
19.2. Disconformity
19.2.1. When a horizontal layer of sedimentary rock covers another horizontal layer of sedimentary rock that's been eroded. (Just look at the middle photo.)
19.3. Nonconformity
19.3.1. When a layer of sedimentary rock lays over layer of igneous or metamorphic rock. (Just look at the right photo.)
19.4. Correlation
19.4.1. The matching of rock layers or fossils exposed in one geographic region similar layers or fossils exposed in other geographic regions.
19.5. Key Bed
19.5.1. A rock or sediment layer used as a marker in this way.
19.6. Geologic Time Scale
19.6.1. A model of Earth's history from its origin 4.6 billion years ago to the present.
20. Unit 1 - Module 2 - Lesson 1
20.1. James Watson
20.1.1. An American scientist who realized the X-ray of DNA gave valuable clues about the structure of DNA to build a model of DNA with an English scientist, Francis Crick.
20.2. Francis Crick
20.2.1. An English scientist that worked with James Watson to create a DNA model. They used chemical info about DNA from another scientist named Erwin Chargaff.
20.3. Rosalind Franklin
20.3.1. A scientist in London who used X-rays to study DNA.
20.4. Double Helix
20.4.1. It's DNA that's built like twisted zipper.
20.5. DNA
20.5.1. An organism's genetic material.
20.6. Nucleotide
20.6.1. A molecule made of a nitrogen base, a sugar, and a phosphate group.
20.7. Nitrogenous Base
20.7.1. A molecule that contains nitrogen and has the chemical properties of a base.
20.8. Adenine
20.8.1. One of the four nitrogen bases. They always connect with Thymine.
20.9. Guanine
20.9.1. One of the four nitrogen bases. They always connect with Cytosine.
20.10. Thymine
20.10.1. One of the four nitrogen bases. They always connect with Adenine.
20.11. Cytosine
20.11.1. One of the four nitrogen bases. They always connect with Guanine.
20.12. Genome
20.12.1. A complete set of genes or genetic material in a cell or organism.
20.13. DNA Replication
20.13.1. When a cell divides, all chromosomes must be copied for the new cell to create a DNA replication.
20.14. Helicase
20.14.1. An enzyme unzipping the DNA strands.
20.15. Primase
20.15.1. To show where the starting point to bond.
20.16. DNA polymerase
20.16.1. To finish off the replication and to fall.
20.17. Semi-Conservative Replication
20.17.1. A new DNA double helix includes an old strand and a new strand.
20.18. Replication Fork
20.18.1. The area where DNA replication actually takes place.
20.19. Leading Strand
20.19.1. The strand that follows the unzipping of the DNA.
20.20. Lagging Strand
20.20.1. The strand that moves away from the fork, leaving gaps for the new DNA strand.
20.21. Ligase
20.21.1. The enzyme that brings about the binding or joining of two molecules.
20.22. Mutations
20.22.1. A mistake in DNA.
20.23. Cancer
20.23.1. A result of DNA mutation.
20.24. RNA
20.24.1. A nucleic acid made up of necleotides.
20.25. Uracil
20.25.1. A base in RNA.
20.26. Gene
20.26.1. A segment of DNA on a chromosome.
20.27. Transcription
20.27.1. The process of making mRNA from DNA.
20.28. mRNA
20.28.1. One of the types of RNA.
20.29. Ribosomes
20.29.1. Has the responsibility of making proteins.
20.30. Translation
20.30.1. The process of making a protein from RNA.
20.31. Amino Acids
20.31.1. Molecules that combined to form proteins.
20.32. Codons
20.32.1. A DNA or RNA sequence of three nucleotides.
20.33. Anti-Codons
20.33.1. A sequence located at one end of a transfer RNA.
20.34. tRNA
20.34.1. A type of RNA. (Transfer RNA)
20.35. Peptide Bonds
20.35.1. A chain of amino acids.
21. Unit 1 - Module 2 - Lesson 2
21.1. Charles Darwin
21.1.1. A scientist in the 1800s that went all the way to an island called Galapagos Islands which had different species of animals.
21.2. Galapagos Islands
21.2.1. An island around South America that's full of many islands that have different variations of animals.
21.3. HMS Beagle
21.3.1. A survery ship of the British navy.
21.4. Darwins Finches
21.4.1. A species of finches that were named after Charles Darwin.
21.5. Natural Selection
21.5.1. The process by which organisms with variations that help them survive in their environment live longer, compete better, and reproduce more than those that do not have variations.
21.6. Survival of the fittest
21.6.1. Refered by Charles Darwin on natural selection.
21.7. Adaptations
21.7.1. An inherited trait that increases an organism's chance of surviving and reproducing in a particular environment.
21.8. Fitness
21.8.1. How well an organism can survive and reproduce in its environment.
21.9. Genetic Variation
21.9.1. The difference in DNA sequences between individuals within a population.
21.10. Common Ancestors
21.10.1. Ancestral organism shared by two or more descendent lineages
21.11. Structural adaptation
21.11.1. Physical traits of an organism.
21.12. Behavioral adaptation
21.12.1. Behavior of an organism.
21.13. Functional adaptation
21.13.1. Biological processes that an organism's body might perform to be well suited to its environment.
21.14. Camouflage
21.14.1. An adaptiation that enables a species to blend in with its environment.
21.15. Mimicry
21.15.1. An adaptation in which one species looks like another species.
21.16. Modern Theory of Evolution
21.16.1. The changes occurring in the allele frequencies within the populations.
22. Unit 1 - Module 2 - Lesson 3
22.1. Artificial Selection
22.1.1. Humans selecting certain traits than nature.
22.1.1.1. Video on Artificial Selection
22.2. Selective Breeding
22.2.1. The selection and breeding of organisms with desired traits.
22.3. Genetic Engineering
22.3.1. The biological and chemical methods that change the arrangement of DNA that makes up a gene.
22.4. Recombinant DNA
22.4.1. One method of genetic engineer; made by inserting a useful segment of DNA from one organism to a bacterium.
22.5. GMO's
22.5.1. Standing for Genetically Modified Organisms; can improve in crop plants such as corn, wheat, and rice.
22.6. Gene Therapy
22.6.1. The replacement of missing or malfunctioning genes by the addition of new genes to a patient's cells.
23. Unit 1 - Module 3 - Lesson 1
23.1. Fossilization
23.1.1. The process of an animal or plant becoming preserved in a hard, petrified form.
23.2. Mineralization
23.2.1. Rock-forming minerals in water filled in the small spaces in the tissue of these pieces of petrified wood.
23.3. Carbonization
23.3.1. Pressure drives off a dead organism's liquids and gases. Only the carbon outline/film of the organism remains.
23.4. Molds and Casts
23.4.1. When sediments hardened around this a dead organism, a mold forms. The more sediments that harden, the mold can form a cast.
23.5. Trace Fossils
23.5.1. A preserved evidence of the activity of an organism. (Footprints)
23.6. Organic Matter
23.6.1. If the original tissues of organisms are buried in the absence of oxygen for long periods of time, they can fossilize.
23.7. Relative Age Dating
23.7.1. The process of determining if one rock or geologic event is older or younger than another, without knowing their specific ages.
23.8. Absolute Age Dating
23.8.1. The numeric age of a layer of rocks or fossils.
23.9. Geologic Time Scale
23.9.1. A chart that divides Earth's history into different time units.
23.10. Extinctions
23.10.1. Occurs when the last individual organism of a species dies.
23.11. Transitional Fossil
23.11.1. A fossil that has characteristics of both ancestral organisms and organisms that evolved later.
23.12. Sudden Environmental Change
23.12.1. Extinctions that occur when environments change quickly. (Volcanic eruptions)
23.13. Gradual Environmental Change
23.13.1. Depending on the location of the enviromental change, it wouldn't be done immediately. (Mountains forming and sea levels changing)
24. Unit 1 - Module 3 - Lesson 2
24.1. Homologous Structures
24.1.1. Body parts or structures that were inherited by two or more species from a common ancestor.
24.2. Analogous Structures
24.2.1. Body parts that perform a similar function but differ in structure.
24.3. Vestigial Structures
24.3.1. Body parts that have lost their original function through evolution.
24.3.1.1. Vestigial Structures Video
24.4. Embryology
24.4.1. The science of the development of embryos from fertilization to birth.
24.4.1.1. Embryology Video
24.5. Molecular Biology
24.5.1. The study of gene structure and function.