Vocabulary Terms
by Xavi Rojo Venegas
1. Uniformitarianism
1.1. Uniformitarianism is the idea that Earth has always changed "uniform" and that the present is the key to the past
2. Absolute Age
2.1. Absolute age is the numeric age of layers of rocks or fossils.
3. Strata
3.1. The term strata refers to layers of sedimentary rock.
4. Relative Age Dating
4.1. Relative dating is the process of deciding if one rock or geologic event is older or younger than the another, without knowing their specific ages.
5. Original Horizontality
5.1. This principle states that layers of sediment are originally formed horizontally under the action of gravity.
6. Sediment
6.1. Sediment examples: boulders, pebbles, cobbles, sand, silt, and clay.
7. Lateral Continuity
7.1. The principle of lateral continuity states that layers of sediment initially extend in all directions
8. Mass Extinctions
8.1. Mass extinctions are times in which a large number of plant and/or animal species become extinct within a relatively short period of geologic time.
9. Superposition
9.1. The law of superposition is one of the principles of geology scientists used to determine the relative ages of rock strata, or layers.
10. Charles Darwin
10.1. Charles Robert Darwin was an English naturalist, geologist, and biologist, widely known for his contributions to evolutionary biology.
11. Relative Age
11.1. Relative age refers to the approximate age of a specific rock layer.
12. Galapagos Islands
12.1. The Galápagos Islands is a volcanic archipelago in the Pacific Ocean. It's considered one of the world's foremost destinations for wildlife-viewing.
13. HMS Beagle
13.1. HMS Beagle was a Cherokee-class 10-gun brig-sloop of the Royal Navy.
14. Darwins Finches
14.1. Darwin's finches are a group of about 18 species of passerine birds
15. Natural Selection
15.1. Natural selection is the differential survival and reproduction of individuals due to differences in phenotype.
16. Survival of the fittest
16.1. "Survival of the fittest" is a phrase that originated from Darwinian evolutionary theory as a way of describing the mechanism of natural selection.
17. Adaptations
17.1. In biology, adaptation has three related meanings. Firstly, it is the dynamic evolutionary process of natural selection that fits organisms to their environment, enhancing their evolutionary fitness.
18. Fitness
18.1. itness is a state of health and well-being and, more specifically, the ability to perform aspects of sports, occupations and daily activities.
19. Genetic Variation
19.1. Genetic variation is a term used to describe the variation in the DNA sequence in each of our genomes.
20. Common Ancestors
20.1. A common ancestor is an ancestral group of organisms that is shared by multiple lineages.
21. Gene Therapy
21.1. Gene therapy is a technique that modifies a person's genes to treat or cure disease.
22. GMO's
22.1. Genetically modified organisms can be defined as organisms in which the genetic material has been altered in a way that does not occur naturally by mating and/or natural recombination.
23. Inclusions
23.1. In mineralogy, an inclusion is any material that is trapped inside a mineral during its formation.
24. Cross Cutting Relationships
24.1. A Cross-cutting relationship is the principle in geology regarding crossing layers.
25. Genetic Engineering
25.1. Genetic engineering is a process that uses laboratory-based technologies to alter the DNA makeup of an organism.
26. Recombinant DNA
26.1. Recombinant DNA, which is often shortened to rDNA, is an artificially made DNA strand that is formed by the combination of two or more gene sequences.
27. The Fossil Record
27.1. The fossil record is made up of all the fossils that have been found, along with their ages.
28. Selective Breeding
28.1. Selective breeding involves choosing parents with particular characteristics to breed together and produce offspring with more desirable characteristics.
29. Artificial Selection
29.1. The identification by humans of desirable traits in plants and animals, and the steps taken to enhance and perpetuate those traits in future generations.
30. Geologic Principles
31. Unit 2 - Module 1 - Lesson
32. Reference Point
32.1. something that is used to judge or understand something else
32.1.1. .
33. Position
33.1. a place where someone or something is located or has been put.
34. Displacement
34.1. the moving of something from its place or position.
35. Speed
35.1. the rate at which someone or something is able to move or operate.
35.1.1. .
36. Average Speed
36.1. The average speed is the total distance traveled by the object in a particular time interval.
37. Forces
37.1. The push or pull on an object with mass causes it to change its velocity.
38. Velocity
38.1. the speed of something in a given direction.
38.1.1. .
39. Vector
39.1. an organism, typically a biting insect or tick, that transmits a pathogen, disease, or parasite from one animal or plant to another.
40. Distance Time Graphs
40.1. shows how far an object has travelled in a given time.
40.1.1. .
41. Unit 2 - Module 1 - Lesson 2
42. Acceleration
42.1. The rate of change of velocity per unit of time.
42.1.1. .
43. Modern Theory of Evolution
43.1. he Modern Synthetic Theory of Evolution showed a number of changes as to how the evolution and the process of evolution are conceived. The theory gave a new definition of evolution as “the changes occurring in the allele frequencies within the populations, ” which emphasizes the genetic basis of evolution.
44. Mimicry
44.1. Mimicry is an evolved resemblance between an organism and another object, often an organism of another species.
45. Camouflage
45.1. the disguising of military personnel, equipment, and installations by painting or covering them to make them blend in with their surroundings.
46. Functional adaptation
46.1. Functional adaptations are special biological processes that an organism's body might perform to be well suited to its environment.
47. Behavioral adaptation
47.1. Behavioral adaptation is something an animal does usually in response to some type of external stimulus in order to survive.
48. Structural adaptation
48.1. Structural Adaptations are physical features of an organism that enable them to survive in their environment
49. Contact Forces
50. Newtons 1st Law of motion
50.1. An object at rest remains at rest, or if in motion, remains in motion at a constant velocity unless acted on by a net external force.
50.1.1. .
51. Net Force
51.1. The net force is defined as is the sum of all the forces acting on an object.
52. Free Body Diagram
52.1. simplified representations in a problem of an object (the body), and the force vectors acting on it.
53. Friction
53.1. force that resists the sliding or rolling of one solid object over another
53.1.1. .
54. Newtons 2nd Law of motion
54.1. Newton's second law of motion states that F = ma, or net force is equal to mass times acceleration.
55. Contact Forces
55.1. A force that is applied by objects in contact with each other.
55.1.1. .