Cloning

1. The production of genetically identical organisms via somatic cell nuclear transfer.

2. the process

2.1. first step: taking an egg and remove its nucleus, which contains the DNA/genes

2.2. second step: Taking the DNA from an adult cell and insert it into the egg by fusing the adult cell with the enucleated egg

2.3. final step: stimulate the reconstructed egg electrically or chemically -> embryo

3. Types of cloning

3.1. Gene cloning

3.1.1. Gene cloning is a recombinant technology that inserts a foreign DNA piece into a vector that a host cell can copy.

3.1.2. forms

3.1.2.1. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR)

3.1.3. Function: treating genetic disorders, and drug production.

3.2. reproductive cloning

3.2.1. Reproductive cloning is a method used to make a clone or an identical copy of an entire multicellular organism

3.2.2. forms

3.2.2.1. The Somatic Cell Nuclear transfer (SCNT)

3.2.2.2. The embryo splitting

3.2.3. Function: producing an organism that has the same appearance as the former.

3.3. Therapeutic cloning=Somatic cell nuclear transfer

3.3.1. the process of cloning an entire organism

3.3.2. function

3.3.2.1. Treating a wide range of illnesses: Alzheimer's disease, type 2 diabetes,...