threat of mangrove and coral reef

1. Destruction of coral reefs

1.1. Coral reefs provide the first barrier against currents and strong waves. When they are destroyed, the stronger-than-normal waves and currents reaching the coast can undermine the fine sediment in which the mangroves grow.

1.1.1. This can prevent seedlings from taking root and wash away nutrients essential for mangrove ecosystems.

2. Climate change

2.1. As mangrove forests require stable sea levels for long-term survival.

2.2. it will cause natural disaster

2.2.1. such as Cyclones, typhoons and strong wave action.

3. Insect Pests

3.1. such as Wood borers, Caterpillars, beetles

3.1.1. which eat the mangrove foliage and damage the wood as well.

4. By Weeds

4.1. such as Acrostichum aureum and Acanthus species,

4.2. which often occupy deforested mangrove areas and restrict the re-growth of mangrove tree species.

5. By destructive human activity

5.1. Use of mangrove land for urban development

5.1.1. Mangrove forests are cleared to make room for agricultural land, anchoring of boats, human settlements, resettlement activities, infrastructure, industrial areas,tourist development, shrimp aquaculture, and salt farms has also taken place.