1. IBN BATUTTA AND THE EXCIETEMNT OF THE UNFAMILIAR
1.1. INTRO
1.1.1. NETWORK OF COMMUNICATION OF SUBCONTINENT
1.1.1.1. CHINA
1.1.1.2. NW. AFRICA
1.1.1.3. EUROPE
1.1.2. ACCOUNTS
1.1.2.1. MEN WITH PEITY
1.1.2.2. KING (GENEROUS AND CRUEL)
1.1.2.3. LIVES OF ODINARY MEN AND WOMEN
1.1.2.4. UNFAMILIAR PRACTICES / OBJECTS
1.1.2.4.1. COCONUT
1.1.2.4.2. PAAN
1.2. IBM BATTUTA AND INDIAN CITIES
1.2.1. FULL OF EXCITING OPEERTUNITIES
1.2.2. DENSELY POPULATED
1.2.3. PROSPEROUS
1.2.4. OCCASIONAL WARS AND INVASIONS
1.2.5. CROWDED STREETS
1.2.6. BRIGHT AND COLORFUL MARKET
1.2.7. BAZARS
1.2.7.1. ECONOMIC, SOCIAL AND CULTURAL HUB
1.2.7.2. TEMPLE AND MOSQUE WERE FOUND
1.2.7.3. PUBLIC PERFORMANCES
1.2.8. AGRICULTURE
1.2.8.1. VERY FERTILE SOIL
1.2.8.2. TWO CROPS / YEAR
1.2.8.3. WELL NETWORK OF TRADE AND COMMERCE
1.2.9. INDIAN TEXTILES
1.3. DELHI
1.3.1. VAST CITY
1.3.2. ENORMOUS POPULATION
1.3.3. RAMPARTS
1.3.3.1. BREADTH OF WALL 11 CUBITS
1.3.3.2. INSIDE IT ARE HOUSES OF GUARDS
1.3.3.3. STORE HOUSES
1.3.3.4. HORSEMEN AND INFANTRY MOVE FROM ONE END TO ANOTHER
1.3.3.5. WINDOW OPENING TO THE SIDE OF CITY
1.3.3.6. LOWER PART-STONE
1.3.3.7. UPPER PART-BRICKS
1.3.4. 28 GATES(DARWAZA)
1.3.4.1. GREATEST DARWAZA- BUDAUN DARWAZA
1.3.4.2. MANDWI DARWAZA-GRAINS MARKET
1.3.4.3. GUL DARZWAZA-ORCHARDS
1.3.5. GRAVE WITH DOMES
1.4. A UNIQUE SYSTEM OF COMMUNICATION
1.4.1. MERCHANT ENCOURAGMENT
1.4.1.1. INNS AND GUEST HOUSE
1.4.2. POSTAL SYSTEM
1.4.2.1. FAST AND EFFICIENT TRANSFER OF NFORMATION
2. BERNIER AND THE "DEGENERATED" EAST
2.1. HIS ACCOUNT
2.1.1. TRAVELS IN THE MUGHAL EMPIRE
2.1.2. ALWAYS PUT INDIA INFERIOR TO WEST
2.2. THE QUESTION OF LAND OWNERSHIP
2.2.1. PRIVATE PROPERTY
2.2.1.1. LACK OF PRIVATE PROPERTY IN INDIA
2.2.1.2. NO HEIRERCHIAL RIGHT ON LAND PROVIDED BY CROWN
2.2.1.2.1. RUNINATION OF AGRICULTURE
2.2.1.2.2. EXCESSIVE OPPRESION OF THE PEASENTRY
2.2.1.2.3. CONTINUOUS DECLINE IN LIVING STANDARDS OF ALL SOCIETY
2.2.2. SOCIAL
2.2.2.1. THERE WAS A HUGE GAP BETWEEN RICH AND POOR
2.2.2.2. ABSENCE OF MIDDLE CLASS
2.2.3. BERNIER POV OF MUGHAL EMPIRE
2.2.3.1. CITIES AND TOWN WERE RUINED AND CONTAMINATED
2.2.3.2. ILL AIR
2.2.3.3. BARREN LAND
2.2.3.4. FEILDS FULL OF PESTILENTIAL MARISHES
2.2.3.5. FULL OF BEGGARS AND BARBARIANS
3. CROWN OWNERSHIP OF LAND
4. INTRO
4.1. ACCOUNTS
4.2. AL BIRUNI
4.3. IBN BATTUTA
4.4. FRACOIS BERNIER
5. AL BIRUNI AND THE KITAB UL HIND
5.1. FROM KHWARIZM TO THE PUNJAB
5.1.1. BORN-973
5.1.2. KHWARIZM-UZBEKISTAN
5.1.3. EDUCATION
5.1.4. LANGUAGES-SYRIAC,ARABIC,PERSIA,HEBREW,SANSKRIT
5.1.5. 1017-SULTAN MAHMUD INVASION OF KHWARIZM
5.1.6. CAPITAL -GHAZNI
5.1.7. DEATH-70
5.1.8. 700-SANSKRIT TRANSLATED WORK
5.1.9. PUNJAB ANNEXATION
5.1.10. TRAVEL LIT.
5.1.10.1. W-SAHARA DESERT
5.1.10.2. N-RIVER VOLGA
5.2. THE KITAB UL HIND
5.2.1. WRITTEN IN ARABIC
5.2.2. SIMPLE AND LUCID
5.2.3. 80 CHAPTERS
5.2.4. DISTINCTIVE STRUCTURE
5.2.4.1. QUESTION
5.2.4.2. DISCRIPTION
5.2.4.3. CONCLUSION WITH COMPARISION
5.2.5. HINDU
5.2.5.1. OLD PERSIAN WORD
5.2.5.2. REGION EAST OF RIVER SINDHU(INDUS)
5.2.5.3. ARAB-AL HIND PEOPLE-HINDI
5.2.5.4. TURKS-HINDU LAND-HINDUISM LANGUAGE-HINDAVI
6. IBN BATTUTA'S RIHLA
6.1. AN EARLY GLOBE TROTTER
6.1.1. RIHLA
6.1.1.1. ARABIC
6.1.1.2. 14TH C. SOCIAL AND CULTURAL
6.1.2. BORN-MOROCCO,TANGIER
6.1.3. FAMILY
6.1.4. TRAVEL>BOOKS
6.1.5. ITENARY
6.1.5.1. MECCA
6.1.5.2. SYRIA
6.1.5.3. IRAQ
6.1.5.4. PERSIA
6.1.5.5. YEMEN
6.1.5.6. EAST AFRICA
6.1.5.7. INDIA(1332-33)
6.1.6. SIND(1333)
6.1.7. MUHUMMAND BIN TUGLUG
6.1.8. QAZI
6.1.9. FELL OUT OF FAVOUR
6.1.10. PROCEED TO CHINA(1342)
6.1.11. WAY TO CHINA
6.1.11.1. SHIP TO SUMATARA
6.1.11.2. SUMATARA-> ZAYTUN(QUANZHOU)
6.1.11.3. BEIJING
6.1.11.4. CHINA-> HOME(1347)
6.1.12. TRAVELLING WITH RISK
6.1.12.1. MULTAN->DELHI(40 DAYS)
6.1.12.2. SIND->DELHI(50 DAYS)
6.1.12.3. DAULATABAD->DELHI(40 DAYS)
6.1.12.4. GWALIOR->DAELHI(10 DAYS)
6.1.12.5. ATTACKED BY ROBBERS
6.2. THE "EJOYMENT OF CURIOSITIES"
6.2.1. TRAVEL
6.2.1.1. N.AFRICA
6.2.1.2. W.ASIA
6.2.1.3. CENTRAL ASIA
6.2.1.4. INDIAN SUB.
6.2.1.5. CHINA
6.2.1.6. RUSSIA(NOT SURE)
6.2.2. ROCORDED TRAVEL LIT.
6.2.3. PEOPLE OF CAME TO INDIA(1400-1800)
6.2.3.1. ABDUR RAZAQ SAMARQUANDI
6.2.3.2. MAHMUD WALI BALKHI
6.2.3.3. SHAIKH ALI HAZIN
7. FRANCOIS BERNIER
7.1. A DOC. WITH A DIFFERENCE
7.1.1. PORTUGUESE ARRIVAL (1500)
7.1.2. JESUIT ROBERT NOBILI
7.1.3. DUARTE BARBOSA
7.1.4. JEAN BAPTISTE TAVERNIER
7.1.5. ITALIAN DOC. MACCUNI
7.1.6. FRANCOIS BERNIER
7.1.6.1. FRENCH
7.1.6.2. DOC,POLITICAL PHILOSOPHER,HISTORIA
7.1.6.3. MUGHAL EMPIRE
7.1.6.4. INDIA 12YRS(1656-68)
7.1.6.5. PHYSICIAN
7.1.6.5.1. PRINCE DARA SHUKOH(EL. SON OF SHAH JAHAN)
7.1.6.6. INTELLECTUAL SCIENTIST
7.1.6.6.1. DANISMAND KHAN
7.2. COMPARING EAST AND WEST
7.2.1. COMPARING TO EU
7.2.2. DEDICATE WORK TO LOUIS XIV
7.2.3. HIS WORK PUBLI. AND TRANSLATED (1670-71
7.2.4. FRENCH
7.2.4.1. 8 REPRINTS (1725)
7.2.5. ENGLISH
7.2.5.1. 3 REPRINTS(1684)
8. MAKING SENSE OF AN ALIEN WORLD : AL BIRUNI AND THE SANSKRITIC TRADITION
8.1. OVERCOMING BARRIERS TO UNDERSTANDING
8.1.1. BARRIERS
8.1.1.1. LANGUAGE
8.1.1.2. DIFFERENCE IN RELIGIOUS BELIEF AND PRACTICES
8.1.1.3. SELF ABSORBTION AND CONCEQUENT INSULARITY OF LOCAL POPULATION
8.1.2. DEPEND
8.1.2.1. VEDS
8.1.2.2. PURANS
8.1.2.3. BHAGVAD GITA
8.1.2.4. PATANJALI
8.1.2.5. MANUSMRITI
8.2. AL BIRUNI'S DESCRIPTION OF THE CASTE SYSTEM
8.2.1. ANCIENT PERSIAN CASTE SYSTEM
8.2.1.1. KNIGHTS AND PRINCES
8.2.1.2. MONKS, FIRE PREISTS, AND LAWYERS
8.2.1.3. PHYSICIAN, ASTRONORMER, SCIENTIST
8.2.1.4. PEASENTS, ARTISANS
8.2.2. MEN EQUALITY
8.2.3. DISAPPROVAL WITH THE NOTION OF IMPURITY
8.2.3.1. EVERYTHING BECOME PURE AGAIN
8.2.3.2. CONTRARY TO LAW OF NATURE
8.2.4. ANTYAJ
8.2.4.1. OUTSIDE OF SYSTEM
8.2.4.2. INCLUDED IN ECONOMIC FRAMEWORK
8.2.4.3. SOCIALY OPRESSED