1. The periodic table
1.1. Elements are arranged according to their atomic number
1.2. Horizontal rows are called periods
1.3. Vertical columns are called groups
1.3.1. Group 1 is also known as the alkali metals
1.3.1.1. They react violently with water and are stored under oil
1.3.2. Group 2 are known at the alkali earth metals
1.3.3. Group 7 are known as the halogens
1.3.3.1. They are diatomic
1.3.3.2. Used in swimming pools and toothpaste
1.3.4. Group 8/0 elements are known as the noble gases
1.3.4.1. They are extremely unreactive because they have a full outer shell of electrons
1.3.4.2. Used in lighting
1.4. Created by Dmitri Mendeleev
1.5. Large section called the transition metals in the centre
2. Rates of reaction
2.1. There are 4 factors affecting the rate of reaction
2.1.1. Increasing the temperature
2.1.2. Increasing the concentration
2.1.3. Decreasing the particle size
2.1.4. Adding a catalyst
2.2. Measuring the rate of reaction
2.2.1. Measuring the volume of gas produced
2.2.2. Measuring the mass lost
2.2.3. Rate of reaction calculations
3. Atomic structure
3.1. Protons
3.1.1. Postively charged
3.1.2. Found inside the nucleus
3.1.3. Mass of 1 amu
3.1.4. Equal to the atomic number
3.1.4.1. Atomic number is the top number when writing an atom or ion in nuclide notation
3.2. Electrons
3.2.1. Negatively charged
3.2.2. Found in energy levels outside the nucleus
3.2.2.1. The inner energy level can only hold up to two electrons. The other energy levels can hold upto eight.
3.2.2.2. Electron arrangements are found in the data booklet
3.2.3. Hardly any mass; ~neg.
3.2.4. Can be lost or gained to form ions
3.2.4.1. Ions are atoms with an electric charge
3.2.4.1.1. If the atom loses electrons a positive ion is formed
3.2.4.1.2. If the atom gains electrons a negative ion is formed
3.3. Neutrons
3.3.1. No charge
3.3.2. Found inside the nucleus
3.3.3. Mass of 1 amu
3.3.4. Can be found by taking the atomic number away from the mass number
3.3.4.1. Mass number is the number of protons plus neutrons
3.3.4.2. Mass number is the top number when writing an atom or ion in nuclide notation