1. Cave Paintings 50,000 Years Ago
1.1. Representations found on the inside of cave walls and ceilings
1.2. Themes
1.2.1. Large animals (bison, horses, deer)
1.2.2. Tracings of human hands
1.2.3. Abstract paintings
1.3. Lascaux
1.3.1. Most famous cave painting site
1.4. Chauvet Pont d’Arc
1.4.1. Oldest cave painting site
2. Cuneiform
2.1. Began of a series of pictographs
2.1.1. The pictographs evolved over time
2.1.1.1. Pictographs became more abstract
2.1.1.2. More characters were formed
2.2. Created by the Sumerians
2.2.1. Created to keep track of business transactions
2.3. Written on clay tablets
2.3.1. used a wedge shaped stylus made of reeds to make impressions into the clay surfaces
3. History of Photography
3.1. Camera Obscura
3.1.1. Know to scholars and philosophers as a way to observe light
3.1.2. A dark chamber that projects an image of its surroundings onto a screen
3.1.3. It was a darkened room with a convex lens inserted into one wall. The outside scene passed through the lens and was projected onto the opposite wall.
3.1.4. In the 17th and 18th century, the camera obscura shrunk to the size of a portable box.
3.2. The word "photography" comes from the Greek words meaning "light" and "writing". Sir John Hershel first coined the term.
3.3. Joseph Niépce created the first successful photograph in 1827.
3.4. Louis Daquerre invented the first practical photographic process called Daguerreotype.
3.5. William Fox Talbot invented the Calotype process.
3.6. Richard Maddox invented the Dry Plate Process, which is more efficient.
3.7. Eastman invented the Eastman Kodak Company.
3.7.1. The camera owner could send in the camera with a minimal processing fee. The company would process the film, reload the camera with a new roll, and return it to the owner.
4. History of Computers
4.1. Konrad Zuse invented the first freely programmable computer.
4.2. The first commercial computer was the UNIVAC, designed by John Preseper Eckert and John Mauchly
4.2.1. UNIVAC - Universal Automatic Computer
4.3. IBM - International Business Machines
4.3.1. Developed the first high level programming language, Fortran
4.3.1.1. Fortran - The IBM Mathematical Formula Translating System
4.4. First computer mouse invented by Douglas Engelbart
4.5. First internet - ARPAnet
4.5.1. ARPAnet - Advanced Research Projects Agency Network
4.6. MS-DOS
4.6.1. Introduced by Bill Gates and Microsoft
4.6.2. An operating system that was packaged with the IBM PC
4.7. PC - Personal Computer
5. Hieroglyphics
5.1. A combination of logographic and alphabetic elements
5.2. Word derives from Greek
5.2.1. Hiero - sacred
5.2.2. Glyphic - engraving/writing
5.3. Written on papyrus
5.3.1. A substrate made of reeds native to Egypt
5.4. Books of the Dead
5.4.1. Scrolls that contained instructions to help people find their way to the afterlife
5.5. Rosetta Stone
5.5.1. A slab with inscriptions on it in three different languages
5.5.1.1. Egyptian Hieroglyphics
5.5.1.2. Demotic
5.5.1.3. Greek
5.5.2. Helped translate hieroglyphics
6. Phonetic Alphabet
6.1. One sign represents one spoken sound.
6.2. Origins
6.2.1. Some believed it to be a direct variation of hieroglyphics
6.2.2. Others hypothesised ties with Cuneiform or an independent creation
6.3. Letters started with consonants
6.4. Styles
6.4.1. A rigid, formal script was used for important manuscripts and official documents
6.4.2. A quicker, informal style was used for letters and routine types of writing
7. The Codex and the Illuminated Manuscript
7.1. Codex
7.1.1. A covered and bound collection of handwritten pages
7.1.2. Was compact, sturdy, and had an ease of reference
7.1.3. Was adopted by Christianity to use in books and scriptures
7.2. Illuminated Manuscript
7.2.1. Adorned books
7.2.2. The borders, illustrations and ornamentation added to each page of text
7.2.3. Was replaced by the printing press
8. The Gutenberg Press
8.1. Modern book printing was introduced by Johannes Gutenberg
8.1.1. Gutenberg created a metal, movable type.
8.2. Printing Press
8.2.1. A hand press in which ink was rolled over the raised surface of movable handset letters held within a wooden form
8.3. John Fust sued Gutenberg and took the printing press.
8.4. Impacts on communication
8.4.1. Perfected script and made it easier to read
8.4.2. Books were made more rapidly
8.4.3. Current information could be shared locally and around the world
8.4.4. The cost decreased allowing more people to buy them
8.4.5. Demand grew and the population became more literate
8.4.6. Book trade bean to flourish, as well as industries such as papermaking
8.4.7. Economies became stronger
8.4.8. Art and science began to flourish which led to the beginning of the Renaissance