History of Visual Comunications

1. Cuneiform

1.1. series of pictographs

1.2. Why was Cuneiform created?

1.2.1. to help keep track of these business transactions

1.2.2. How did Cuneiform evolve over time?

1.2.2.1. the pictographs become more abstract and they added more onto them

1.2.2.2. wrote on clay tablets

2. Sumerians

2.1. 3 things we know about the Sumerians

2.2. -Music was important to them, skilled artisans, a theocratic culture

2.3. Why did the Sumerians choose the Sumer region to settle?

2.4. because of its fertile ground due to the many bodies of water in the area

2.5. What could Sumerians practice year round because of its climate?

2.5.1. agriculture

2.6. Why is Sumer considered the cradle of civilization?

2.6.1. it is where Cuneiform the worlds first language was created

2.7. How did they make impressions into the clay surface?

2.7.1. wet the clay then form them into flat surfaces, then carved them into flat surfaces, then carved them into them before letting them dry in the sun

3. Hierogylphics

3.1. formal writing system containing logographic and alphabetic elements

3.2. what does hieroglyphic mean?

3.2.1. Hiero means sacred and glyphic means engraving or writing

4. Linotype

4.1. Christopher Sholes invented the only typewriter that became commercially successful

4.2. Who tested Shole's typewritter?

4.2.1. James Clephane

4.3. Where was the first Linotype Machine installed?

4.3.1. New York

4.4. the Linotype keyboard had 90 letters, no shift key, uppercase were separate from lowercase, blue keys in the middle were punctuation, etc.

4.5. What were the black keys for? blue? white?

4.5.1. Black keys are for lowercase. Blue keys are for punctuation, digits, small capital letters and fixed width spaces. White keys are for uppercase.

4.6. What is a matrix?

4.6.1. a mold for letter forms

4.7. Where did the name Linotype come from?

4.7.1. the fact that it produces an entire line of metal type at once

5. The Gutenberg Press

5.1. Who introduced modern book printing?

5.1.1. Johannes Gutenberg

5.2. What is a printing press?

5.2.1. a hand press in which ink was rolled over the raised surface of movable hand-set letters held within a wooden frame

5.3. The Gutenberg Press developed from the technology of the screw type

5.4. What is it carved from?

5.4.1. wood

5.5. Gutenberg was also credited for an oil based ink

5.6. Who did Gutenberg see to invest in his inventions?

5.6.1. John Fust

5.7. What is movable type?

5.7.1. the system of printing that uses movable components to reproduce the elements of a document

5.8. First book to be printed?

5.8.1. the Bible

5.9. How did it impact technology?

5.9.1. made easier to read, books made more rapidly, current info could be shared locally and around world, coast of books decreased, demand grew, book trade flourished, economies became stronger, and art and science flourished

6. Photography

6.1. what was the 4th century camera obscura used for?

6.1.1. a way to observe light

6.2. what is a camera obscura?

6.2.1. an optical device that projects an image of its surroundings on a screen

6.3. who created the first successful photograph in 1827?

6.3.1. Joesph Niepce

6.4. Who invented the first practical photographic process called the Daguerreotype?

6.4.1. Louis Daquerre

6.5. invented the Calotype process

6.5.1. William Fox Talbot

6.5.1.1. the calotype process was when the image was exposed to a light-sensitive metal sheet, which created a direct positive image

6.6. Which process is Archer credited with?

6.6.1. wet collodian Process or wet plate process

7. History of Computers

7.1. What is Konrad Zuse credited with inventing?

7.1.1. the first freely programmable computer

7.2. Who designed the Mark series of computers?

7.2.1. Howard Alken and Grace Hopper

7.3. What was the first commercial computer?

7.3.1. UNIVAC

7.4. What computer did IBM develop?

7.4.1. IBM701 EDPM computer

7.5. What was the first high level programming language?

7.5.1. Fortran

7.6. Who invented the computer mouse?

7.6.1. Douglas Engelbart

7.7. What was the first internet called?

7.7.1. Arpanet

7.8. the first memory disk was the floppy disk

7.9. Robert Metcalf and Xerox developed the first ethernet

7.10. Apple introduced the Apple Lisa in 1983

7.11. What company did Apple introduce in 1984?

7.11.1. Apple Macintosh computer

7.12. Bill Gates and Microsoft introduced the windows operating system

8. 30,000 yrs ago CAVE PAINTINGS

8.1. Lascaux Cave

8.2. most famous cave painting site

8.2.1. description

8.3. 3 reasons why created

8.3.1. religious/superstitious

8.3.2. story telling

8.3.3. instructional

8.4. How are they made?

8.4.1. paints made from water, plant juice, animal blood, soil, and charcoal

8.4.2. brushes made from sticks, small stones, leaves, and animal hair

8.5. Themes in cave paintings

8.5.1. bison, horse, and deer