1. Infants and adolescents adapt to linguistic their linguistic environments, as their primarly focusing on acquiring language skills, whilst adolescents may navigate linguistic norms to assert identity and communicating within social contexts.
1.1. First step: Infants articulate the speech sounds of their native language by differentiating subtle differences among smiliar sounds.
1.1.1. EX: night and right, lip and hip,ad and mad
1.2. Around the age of six months, infants begin vocal play.
1.2.1. Vocal Play: The production of a diverse array of sounds of both consonants and vowels.
1.3. In the latter half of the infant's first year, they start to engage in babbling, a phase marked by less diverse sounds that usually resemble those of the language they're exposed to, researchers have stated.
1.3.1. Babbling: The production of repetitive consonant-vowel combinations, usually occuring around 6-10 months of age.
1.4. "Intonational contours"emerge towards the end of the infant's first year, coinciding with the onset of the one-word stage of language development.
1.4.1. Intonational contours: the variations in pitch, tone, and rhthym of speech that convey different meanings/emotions within a language.
1.4.2. One-word stage: A stage in infancy when children use single words to communicate.
1.5. At around two years of age, they enter the multi-word stage.
1.5.1. Multi-word stage: A stage when the child starts to speak in short sentences rather than using phrases.
1.6. Around age five, children worldwide can construct complex sentences, express negativity, discuss different topics, and engage in conversations to their capacity.
1.6.1. Children may be able to converse, however they may find it still difficult to do small tasks, such as tying shoelaces.
2. Adolescent development encompasses the biological, cognitive, emotional, and social changes experienced during the transition from childhood to adulthood, shaping individual identity and creating independence and self-discovery.
2.1. Biological changes during adolescent development involve hormonal fluctuations, rapid physical growth, and sexual maturation, leading to secondary sexual characteristics and increased reproductive capibilities.
2.1.1. EX: puberty, which includes grwoth spurts, facial hair (males), and maturation of reproductive organs.
2.2. Emotional changes involve mood swings, exploration of identity, and developing coping strategies to manage stress and relationshops, and shaping emotional regulation.
2.2.1. EX: Abstract thinking, as adolescents become able to reason beyond concrete objects and events.
2.3. Social changes involve shifting peer dynamics, exploration of romantic relationships, and increased independence from family, shapinng social identity and interpersonal skills for adulthood.
2.3.1. EX: Adolscents begin seeking independence from family and their parents, and move to peer relationships. They begin to engage in activities such as group outings or parties.
2.4. Cognitive changes encompass abstract thinking, problem solving skills, increased slef-awareness, and identity formation.
2.4.1. EX: Abstract thinking, as adolescents become able to reason beyond concrete objects and events.
3. External Factors play a big role in the psychosocial development of adolescents.
3.1. Psychosocial Development: this refers to the dynamic interaction between psychologival and social factos that influence an indiviudal's growth, identity formation, and adaptation to their environment throughout life.
3.2. External Factor Examples:
3.2.1. Media Influence: some examples of this could be exposure to unrealistic body ideals leading to body issues or body dysmorphia. Influence of social media on self-esteem and comparing oneself to lives of people online.
3.2.2. Societal expectations: examples of this would be standards of beauty. Looking a certain way can make an individual feel included or left out in society. Career aspirations is another example. For example, the more leading career path and/or college/university is the one many go for, espeically from foreign countries.