1. Government and Leaders
1.1. Nile
1.1.1. Pharaoh's had absolute power in Egypt
1.1.2. There was a total of 31 dynasties
1.1.3. Had both a Bureaucracy and Theocracy
1.1.4. Government collapsed, was conquered many times by outside forces, and then rose again
1.2. Indus Valley
1.2.1. Ruled by monrchy dynasty
1.2.2. no city states, one society
1.2.3. cities were well planned with uniformity
2. Economy and Trade
2.1. Nile
2.1.1. Traded with Nubian, Phoenician, Minoans
2.1.2. Hatshepsut encouraged trade near the Red Sea
2.1.3. Trade routes were really unsafe
2.1.4. During Middle Kingdom, important goods developed
2.2. Indus Valley
2.2.1. Traded with Central Asia and Mesopotamia
2.2.2. Did not use sea trade, prefered land routes
2.2.3. Economy was based on agriculture
2.2.4. Developed some specialization in crafts and traded them.
3. Science and Technology
3.1. Nile
3.1.1. Advanced armies
3.1.2. Built pyramids to house the dead and for rulers
3.1.3. Used plants for medicine
3.1.4. Doctors could preform simple surgeries
3.2. Indus Valley
3.2.1. Community and private wells for water
3.2.2. Developed public drainage system
3.2.3. Built citadels
3.2.4. Had common set of weight and measurments
4. Arts and Education
4.1. Nile
4.1.1. Three different types of writing; hieratic, demotic, and hieroglyphics
4.1.2. Art was very colorful and detailed
4.1.3. They used basic math and engineering
4.1.4. The focuses of their painting were anything from daily life to the Great Sphinx
4.2. Indus Valley
4.2.1. They had a writing system, now unreadable
4.2.2. Had crafts such as pottery, metalworks and jewelry.
5. Indus River flows across northwest edge of Indian subcontinent
6. Religion
6.1. Nile
6.1.1. Pharaohs were considered as Gods
6.1.2. Believed in an after life
6.1.3. They believed Gods could control all natural events
6.1.4. Built temples to give the Gods homes
6.2. Indus Valley
6.2.1. Prayed to a single eternal spirit
6.2.2. Sacrifices included offering food and drink by placing it on a fire
6.2.3. Practiced buddism
6.2.4. Strived to achive enlightement
7. Geography and Agriculture
7.1. Nile
7.1.1. The Nile was most important physical feature
7.1.2. Flows through Sahara
7.1.3. Geographic advantage because it helped prevent invasions
7.1.4. Floods annually; kept the soil fertile
7.1.5. Has the largest delta
7.2. Indus Valley
7.2.1. Indus River flows through the northwest edge of the Indian subcontinent
7.2.2. society developed between the mountains and northern plains
7.2.3. In the summer, winds bring rain called monsoons needed for farming in the area
7.2.4. Monsoons can be very destructive to the area
8. Social Structure and Family
8.1. Nile
8.1.1. Very layered social classes
8.1.2. Scribes, priests, the royal family, and pharaohes were at the top of the social pyramid
8.1.3. Next on the pyramid was artisans and merchants
8.1.4. 90% of Egypt was peasant farmers
8.1.5. Women had more rights
8.2. Indus Valley
8.2.1. People were born into their social structure. It could not be changed.
8.2.2. Was a caste system, divided into four groups.
8.2.3. 1. Brahmins were the priests and kings
8.2.4. 2. Kshatriyas were warriors and aristocrats (rulers)
8.2.5. 3. Vaishyas were cultivators, artisans, and merchants
8.2.6. 4. Shudras were peasants and serfs
8.2.7. When children were old enough, they took on their parents role.