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INFLAMMATION www.pathedu.eu by Mind Map: INFLAMMATION www.pathedu.eu

1. ENDOTHELIAL ACTIVATION

1.1. CELL JUNCTION

1.2. ADHESION MOLECULES

1.3. CONTRACTION

1.4. RELEASE OF MEDIATORS

2. CLASSIFICATION

2.1. TEMPORAL FEATURES

2.1.1. ACUTE

2.1.1.1. COMPONENTS

2.1.1.1.1. Usually sequece of

2.1.1.2. SYMPTOMS & SIGNS

2.1.1.2.1. Local symptomatology (CADINAL SIGNS)

2.1.1.2.2. Systemic symptomatology (ACUTE PHASE REACTION)

2.1.1.3. OUTCOMES

2.1.1.3.1. ELIMINATION

2.1.1.3.2. CHRONICITY

2.1.2. CHRONIC

2.1.2.1. COMPONENTS

2.1.2.1.1. Concomittant presence of

2.1.2.2. SYSTEMIC SIGNS & SYMPTOMS

2.1.2.2.1. SUBFEBRILITY

2.1.2.2.2. WEIGHT LOSS

2.1.2.2.3. ANEMIA

2.2. PREDOMINANT PROCESS/ MORPHOLOGIC PATTERN

2.2.1. ALTERATIVE -> necrosis

2.2.1.1. TYPICAL CAUSED BY TOXINS, ENZYMES, VIRUSES - non-specific nectotising lesions

2.2.1.2. GANGRENOUS

2.2.1.2.1. TYPES

2.2.1.2.2. COMPLICATIONS

2.2.2. EXUDATIVE -> exudate

2.2.2.1. ROLE

2.2.2.1.1. DILUTION OF HARMFUL AGENTS

2.2.2.1.2. DELIVERY OF CELLS AND MEDIATORS

2.2.2.2. TYPES

2.2.2.2.1. SEROUS

2.2.2.2.2. FIBRINOUS

2.2.2.2.3. SUPPURATIVE/PURULENT

2.2.2.2.4. HAEMORRHAGIC

2.2.2.2.5. COMBINATIONS -> VERY COMMON

2.2.3. PROLIFERATIVE -> proliferation

2.2.3.1. REACTIVE PROLIFERATION OF TISSUE CELLS

2.2.3.2. REACTIVE PROLIFERATION OF INFLAMMATORY CELLS

2.2.3.3. GRANULATION TISSUE-> SCARRING

2.2.3.4. GRANULOMATOUS INFLAMMATION

2.2.3.4.1. FORMATION OF GRANULOMAS

2.3. HISTOLOGICAL FEATURES

2.3.1. NON-SPECIFIC

2.3.2. SPECIFIC

2.4. CAUSATIVE AGENT

2.4.1. ASEPTIC

2.4.2. SEPTIC

3. GENERAL FEATURES

3.1. RESPONSE OF TISSUES TO INJURY/INFECTION

3.2. GOAL

3.2.1. ELIMINATE/SEPARATE NOXIOUS AGENTS

3.2.2. REMOVE NECROTIC TISSUE & INITIATE REPAIR

3.3. COURSE AND MORPHOLOGY DEPENDS ON

3.3.1. INJOURIOUS FACTOR

3.3.2. EXTENT OF DAMAGE

3.3.3. LOCATION/MICROENVIRONMENT

3.4. PHASES

3.4.1. INITIATION

3.4.1.1. pathogen/dead tissue components (PAMP/DAMP) recognized by patter recognition receptors (PRRs)

3.4.2. ACCELERATION

3.4.2.1. release of mediators and cell recruitment

3.4.3. ELIMINATION

3.4.4. TERMINATION

3.4.4.1. a coordinated and active process aimed at restoration of tissue integrity and function

4. CELLS & MEDIATORS

4.1. MEDIATORS (Robbins, 9th ed)

4.1.1. cytokines

4.1.2. Reactive oxygen species/ROS

4.1.2.1. ROS generation

4.1.3. complement

4.1.3.1. complement

4.1.3.1.1. complement

4.2. INFLAMMATORY CELLS

4.2.1. LYMPHOCYTES

4.2.1.1. EOSINOPHILS

4.2.1.1.1. MACROPHAGES

5. DEFECTS OF CELLULAR RESPONSE

5.1. LEUCOCYTE ADHESION DEFICIENCY (LAD) (β2-integrin (type 1), selectin (type2))

5.2. BRUTON'S AGAMMAGLOBULINEMIA (opsonisation)

5.3. CHEDIAK-HIGASHI (phagolysosome)

5.4. CHRONIC GRANULOMATOUS DISEASE (O2-DEPENDENT MPO SYSTEM)

6. FREQUENTLY CONFUSED TERMS