1. TCP/IP Model
1.1. Link Layer: is responsible for the transmission of data between devices in the same physical network. It corresponds to the physical layer and the data link layer in the OSI model, which includes tasks such as accessing the media, encapsulating the data into frames, and basic fault checking.
1.1.1. Token Ring: Local network protocol.
1.1.2. STP: The network protocol ensures a loop-free structure.
1.1.3. PPP: Establish a direct connection between the two buttons.
1.1.4. MPLS: Direct data from one network node to the next.
1.1.5. HDLC: The data link layer protocol is synchronous, transparent throughout the bitcode.
1.1.6. Frame Relay: Packet switching telecommunications services.
1.1.7. FDDI: Standard for data transmission in local area networks.
1.1.8. CDP: Explore information about Cisco devices that connect directly.
1.1.9. ATM: Switching techniques for telecommunications networks.
1.1.10. ARP: Resolves IP addresses to MAC addresses.
1.1.11. 802.11 Wi-Fi: A set of specifications for media access control and physical layers.
1.1.12. ISDN: A set of communication standards.
1.1.13. DSL: These technologies provide internet access.
1.1.14. Ethernet: Network technology for local area networks.
1.1.15. Bluetooth: Wireless technology standards.
1.2. Internet Layer: is responsible for routing packets from source to destination across different networks. It ensures the packet reaches the destination address through protocols such as IP (Internet Protocol).
1.2.1. ICMP: Used for error messages and operation information.
1.2.2. IGMP: Manage members of Internet protocol multicast groups.
1.2.3. IPsec: Secure IP communication.
1.2.4. IPv4: The fourth version of the IP.
1.2.5. IPv6: Newer version of IP.
1.2.6. IPX: Network Layer Protocol.
1.2.7. RIP: Distance vector routing protocol.
1.3. Transport Layer: takes care of reliable data transmission and ensures error-free between the two devices. It manages data segmentation and recombination, flow control, and error checking. The main protocols at this layer are TCP (Transmission Control Protocol) and UDP (User Datagram Protocol).
1.3.1. TCP: Provides reliable, ordered, and error-checking line data transmission.
1.3.2. UDP: Provide a disconnected communication model based on simple messages.
1.4. Application Layer: provides the protocols and services that network applications use to communicate and exchange data. These layer protocols include HTTP, FTP, SMTP, and many others that cater to web applications, email, file transfer, and more.
1.4.1. DNS: Translate domain names to IP addresses
1.4.2. DHCP: Assign IP addresses to devices in the network
1.4.3. FTP: Transfer files between computers
1.4.4. HTTPS: Secure version of HTTP for secure communication over a computer network
1.4.5. IMAP: Used by email clients to retrieve messages from mail servers
1.4.6. LDAP: Access and maintain distributed directory information services
1.4.7. NTP: Synchronizing the clocks of computer systems over a data network changes the latency.
1.4.8. POP3: Get emails from a remote server to a local client.
1.4.9. RTP: Deliver audio and video over IP networks
1.4.10. RTSP: Control the media streaming servers.
1.4.11. SSH: Providing a secure channel over an insecure network
1.4.12. SIP: Control multimedia sessions
1.4.13. SMTP: Send emails.
1.4.14. SNMP: Manage devices on IP networks.
1.4.15. Telnet: Provides two-way interactive text communication over the network
1.4.16. TFTP: Simple, sequential file transfer protocol
1.4.17. JPEG: A common method of lossy compression for digital images.
1.4.18. MIDI: Technical standard for communicating music performance data.
1.4.19. MPEG: Set standards for audio and video compression and transmission.
1.4.20. PICT: Graphic file formatting.
1.4.21. TIFF: Raster image storage format.
1.4.22. NetBIOS: Provide services related to the session layer of the OSI model.
1.4.23. NFS: Allows computers to access files over the network.
1.4.24. PAP: Used by PPP to authenticate users.
1.4.25. SCP: Secure computer file transfer
1.4.26. SQL: Data management in a relational database management system.
1.4.27. ZIP: The file format supports lossless data compression.
2. OSI Model
2.1. Physical Layer: Responsible for transmitting bits of data through physical means of transmission (cables, radio waves,...); Determine the electrical, mechanical, hydraulic and other physical properties of the connection.
2.1.1. Ethernet: Network technology for local area networks.
2.1.2. ISDN: A set of communication standards.
2.1.3. DSL: These technologies provide internet access.
2.1.4. 802.11 Wi-Fi: A set of specifications for media access control and physical layers.
2.1.5. Bluetooth: Wireless technology standards.
2.2. Data Link Layer: Responsible for error-free data transmission between two network devices; Handle errors in the physical layer and manage access to media.
2.2.1. ARP: Resolves IP addresses to MAC addresses.
2.2.2. ATM: Switching techniques for telecommunications networks.
2.2.3. CDP: Explore information about Cisco devices that connect directly.
2.2.4. FDDI: Standard for data transmission in local area networks.
2.2.5. Frame Relay: Packet switching telecommunications services.
2.2.6. HDLC: The data link layer protocol is synchronous, transparent throughout the bitcode.
2.2.7. MPLS: Direct data from one network node to the next.
2.2.8. PPP: Establish a direct connection between the two buttons.
2.2.9. STP: The network protocol ensures a loop-free structure.
2.2.10. Token Ring: Local network protocol.
2.3. Network Layer: Responsible for routing data packets between different networks; Handle finding the optimal path for data and relay data through intermediary network devices (such as routers).
2.3.1. ICMP: Used for error messages and operation information.
2.3.2. IGMP: Manage members of Internet protocol multicast groups.
2.3.3. IPsec: Secure IP communication.
2.3.4. IPv4: The fourth version of the IP.
2.3.5. IPv6: Newer version of IP.
2.3.6. IPX: Network Layer Protocol.
2.3.7. RIP: Distance vector routing protocol.
2.4. Transport Layer: Ensure reliable and error-free data transmission from one end to another; Manage flow control and error control, as well as slice and stitch big data.
2.4.1. TCP: Provides reliable, ordered, and error-checking line data transmission.
2.4.2. UDP: Provide a disconnected communication model based on simple messages.
2.5. Session Layer: Manage and control communication sessions between applications; Establish, maintain, and end work sessions, synchronize, and manage data exchanges.
2.5.1. NetBIOS: Provide services related to the session layer of the OSI model.
2.5.2. NFS: Allows computers to access files over the network.
2.5.3. PAP: Used by PPP to authenticate users.
2.5.4. SCP: Secure computer file transfer
2.5.5. SQL: Data management in a relational database management system.
2.5.6. ZIP: The file format supports lossless data compression.
2.6. Presentation Layer: Responsible for the semantics and syntax of the information exchanged between the two systems; Handle the encoding, decoding, compression, and decompression of data.
2.6.1. JPEG: A common method of lossy compression for digital images.
2.6.2. MIDI: Technical standard for communicating music performance data.
2.6.3. MPEG: Set standards for audio and video compression and transmission.
2.6.4. PICT: Graphic file formatting.
2.6.5. TIFF: Raster image storage format.
2.7. Application Layer: Provide services and interfaces directly to end users and applications; Includes protocols such as HTTP, FTP, SMTP, DNS, ....
2.7.1. DNS: Translate domain names to IP addresses
2.7.2. DHCP: Assign IP addresses to devices in the network
2.7.3. FTP: Transfer files between computers
2.7.4. HTTPS: Secure version of HTTP for secure communication over a computer network
2.7.5. IMAP: Used by email clients to retrieve messages from mail servers
2.7.6. LDAP: Access and maintain distributed directory information services
2.7.7. NTP: Synchronizing the clocks of computer systems over a data network changes the latency.
2.7.8. POP3: Get emails from a remote server to a local client.
2.7.9. RTP: Deliver audio and video over IP networks
2.7.10. RTSP: Control the media streaming servers.
2.7.11. SSH: Providing a secure channel over an insecure network
2.7.12. SIP: Control multimedia sessions
2.7.13. SMTP: Send emails.
2.7.14. SNMP: Manage devices on IP networks.
2.7.15. Telnet: Provides two-way interactive text communication over the network
2.7.16. TFTP: Simple, sequential file transfer protocol