1. Democratic Constitution in South Africa
1.1. Towards a New Constitution
1.1.1. Apartheid government ended
1.1.2. Most extensive rights given to citizens
1.2. Struggle against Apartheid
1.2.1. A system of racial discrimination in South Africa
1.2.2. Divided people on basis of skin colour (Black, White, Brown and Indian)
2. Why do we need a Constitution?
2.1. A set of written rules accepted by all people
2.2. Generates a degree of trust necessary for different kind of people to live together
2.3. Specifies how the government will be constituted
2.4. Limits the power of the government
2.5. Expresses the aspirations of people of creating a good society
3. Making of Indian Constitution
3.1. The Path to Constitution
3.1.1. In 1928, Motilal Nehru and 8 Congress leaders drafted a constitution
3.1.2. Inclusion of Universal Adult Franchise, Right to Freedom, Equality, etc.
3.1.3. Leaders were inspired by ideals of French Revolution, Bill of Rights in the United States, etc.
3.2. The Constituent Assembly
3.2.1. Drafted the Constitution
3.2.2. 299 members wrote the Indian Constitution
3.2.3. Some members were namely, Dr. Rajendra Prasad (first President of India), Jaipal Singh (founder of Jharkhand Party) and H.C. Mookherjee
4. Guiding Values of Indian Constitution
4.1. The Dream and the Promise
4.1.1. All inequalities removed from India
4.2. Philosophy of the Constitution
4.2.1. Statement of basic values is called Preamble
4.2.2. India to be a Sovereign, Socialist, Secular and Democratic Republic
4.2.3. To ensure Justice, Liberty, Equality and Fraternity to all citizens
4.3. Institutional Design
4.3.1. Procedure for choosing the persons who govern the country
4.3.2. Rights provided to citizens so that government's actions are limited