Cultural Anthropolgy
by Michelle garcia
1. The development and Evolution of Language: Language Birth, Language Growth, and Language Death
1.1. "It is sad that young Arapaho parents can no longer be expected to pass along to their children the rich cultural heritage of the tribe".
1.2. This chapter focuses on the processes in which languages are formed, and the way they develop and grow through time, and lastly explores language, death, and the importance of preserving language diversity
2. Acquiring and Using Languages: Life with First Languages, Second Languages, and More
2.1. "But if for most adults learning a foreign language is a major task, and only relatively few attain fluency in a second language, how is it that small children learn a language, or even two or more, as effortlessly as they do?"
2.2. In this chapter, it explores how we develop our first language and how it is influenced by our family and our social interactions. It talks about second language learning in the various contexts, and the importance of language diversity.
3. Language Through Time
3.1. "The structure of a language may be analyzed and described as it exists at some point in time, either in the present or the past."
3.2. This chapter explores the historical development of language is how they are study to understand and trace language families, their origins and transformations. It also explores the way languages change through out history, social factors, and when language comes into contact with other cultures. It explores the significance of the way that language changes throughout culture, society and time.
4. Langauges in Variation and Langauges in Contact
4.1. This chapter discusses language variations and how language varies significantly based on cultural identities, social dynamics, geography, class, situational differences, and dialects. It also speaks about codeswitching in which you switchbetween languages or dialects in conversations based on communicative needs. It also touches on how individuals have multiple languages and how we borrow vocabulary from other languages.
4.2. "Because it is spoken in so many different areas the world over, English is particularly diversified dialectally."
5. The Ethnography of Communication
5.1. "The nature and function of communicative behavior in the context of culture are the subject of ethnography of communication."
5.2. This chapter explores on how communication practices are not to step out language, but also gestures, cultural, norms, social roles, influencing, styles, topics, settings, relationships and how they all form an intricate relationship.
6. Introducing Linguistic Anthropolgy
6.1. "Every human being speaks a language, but what people think about languages - particularly those about which they know Little or nothing-it’s quite another matter."
6.2. This chapter talks about the importance of studying language, that there are many different languages and that they are equally as important. The study of language can also help understand humans.
7. Methods of Linguistic Anthropolgy
7.1. "What linguistic anthropology is concerned with our the consequences of the process that led to language."
7.2. This chapter covers theories. Trends and approaches, in languages. And covers multiple so that you can go back as you go through the chapters to these theories.
8. Nuts and Bolts: Launguage is Sound
8.1. "To detect such things, however, requires sub, and most people do not critically examine or notice their every day surroundings."
8.2. This chapter helps you understand the phonetics involved in producing sounds for speech,
9. Nuts and Bolts: Structure of Words and Sentences
9.1. "So we see, then, that some technical knowledge of Navajo grammar—AND English grammar, too—is necessary to fully understand the culture."
9.2. This chapter focuses on language, word, structure, sentence, structure, grammatical rules, and what this means for language and the importance of being able to convey this meaning.
10. Communicating Non verbally
10.1. "For the most part, human communication is a multichannel affair operating on verbal and nonverbal levels. Regardless of the society, it is not only how people talk and what they say but also how they present themselves to others that seems to make a difference as to how they are perceived."
10.2. In this chapter, it goes over forms of nonverbal communication and how it plays a role in the way that we express ourselves or convey meaning. It also talks about how nonverbal communication can be influenced by cultural norms, society and backgrounds. Often nonverbal communication will complement verbal communication.