1. Modal Auxiliary Verb
1.1. Modal auxiliary verbs are part of Auxiliary Verbs. In grammar, a modal auxiliary verb is used specifically to express possibility, ability, necessity, obligation, suggestion, willingness, or permission. Commonly used modal auxiliary verbs include: Can, Could, May, Might, Will, Would, Must, Have to, Shall, Should and Ought to
1.1.1. 1. Can and Could = "Can" is used to express ability, permission, and possibility. While, Could is used to express ability in a past situation, to express permission more polite than "can", to express possibility but less certain than "can", and then to express hyphotetical situations.
1.1.1.1. example of "Can" = "Karina can sing a song really well" (ability), "Can I borrow your book?" (permission), "
1.1.1.2. example of "Could" = " I could swim when i was 5 years old" (ability), "Could I use your phone for while?" (permission),
1.1.2. 2. May and Might = "May" to express possibility but more formal than "can", to express permission looks more formal than "will". While, "Might" can be used to express possibility but level when using might is lower than may, then to express permission looks more fomal than "could"
1.1.2.1. example of "May" = "I may stay here for a while" : (possibility) "May I borrow your pen?" : (permission)
1.1.2.2. example of "Might" = "It might happen to us" : (possibility) , "might i know your name?" : (permission)
1.1.3. 3. Will and Would = "Will" is used to be express willingness or prediction in the present or future, While "would" to express willingness in the past. And then "will" can express activities that will happen in the future. While "would" for express past activites and hyphotetical situation. To make easier to remember, will is something that happens in the future whillle would is the past tense of will
1.1.3.1. example of "Will" = " i will help you" : (willingness), "The sky is cloudy. it will rain" : (prediction), "I will visit my parents next week) : (future activities)
1.1.3.2. example of "Would" = "I would help you if i had more time" (willingness) "When i was a child, i would go to the beach every summer" : (past activities) "She would travel longer if she had more time" : (hyphotetical situation),
1.1.4. 5. Must and Have to = is used to express necesssity and obligation to do something. And when followed by "not" it becomes a prohibition. But between "Must" and "Have to" there is difference namely: that "Must" is to express an necessity that comes from oneself. While "Have to" to express the necessity that comes from the command of others.
1.1.4.1. example of "Must" = "I must do my homework tonight" (necessity), "
1.1.4.2. example of "Have to" = "You have to finish your assignment tomorrow" (necessity
1.1.5. 6. Shall = "Shall" is modal verb that is often used in formal contexts. it is use less frequently than other modal verbs. "Shall"is used to express an offer, suggestion, and to express the simple future as well as "Will" (but only uses the subjects "I and We") because in general, the subjects in "Shall" are only ( i/ we). and then the use of "Shall" is emphasize more than "Will"
1.1.5.1. example = "I shall call you tomorrow" (to express the simple future) "Shall I help you?" (offer), "Shall we go to the park" (suggestion)
1.1.6. 7. Should and Ought to = is used to express an suggestion, advise, or obligation. The difference between the two is: "Should" is subjective, while "Ought to" is objective. That is, "Should" is more of a personal opinion and it is often used in casual situation, while "Ought to" is more used to talk about formal matters such as rules and relates to what is right.
1.1.6.1. example = "You lok tired, you should take a rest" (suggestion), "we should obey our parents" (obligation)
1.1.6.2. example of ought to = "You ought to obey the traffic rules"
2. Auxiliary Verb
3. This auxiliary verb can also called a primary auxiliary verb. Auxiliary verbs also known as a helping verb is used to complete the main verb in a sentence. In addition auxiliary verb also function to clarify the main verb. And then, those auxiliary verbs include: Be, Do, and Have.
3.1. 1. Be = Auxiliary verb "be" including: "am, is are, was, were, been, and being". This auxiliary verb are used to show an ongoing action (continuous tense: present, past, future) and also can used to form passize sentence
3.1.1. example: "Dodo is sitting near didi" = (present continuous) " Lala was going to the market yesterday" (past continuous) "The cake was eaten by the children" (passive sentence)
3.2. 2. Do = Auxiliary verb "do" including: "do, does, did". This auxiliary verb function to emphasize main verb. and generally used to form negative and introgative sentences in the simple present or simple past tense.
3.2.1. "Do" is used for subject ( i, you, we, they), "Does" is used for the subject (she, he, it) "Did" is used for all subjects ( i, you, we, they, she, he, it)
3.2.1.1. example : "I do understand your point", "He did finish his work on time", "Do you like English?"
3.3. 3. Have = `Auxiliary verb "Have" including: "have, has, had". This auxiliary verb are used to form perfect tenses.
3.3.1. example : "I have finished my homework" (present perfect), "They had left before we arrived" (past perfect), "She has bought a car" (present perfect), "She will have arrived bt 8 PM" (future perfect)