Laxatives

1. Definition

1.1. Relieves constipation

2. Side effects

2.1. Dependency with long term use

2.2. Dehydration

2.3. Electrolyte imbanlance

2.4. Bloating and flatulence ( bulk )

2.5. Diarrhea ( osmotic , stool softner , stimulants )

3. Contraindications

3.1. Intestinal obstruction

3.2. Severe abdominal pain

4. types

4.1. bulk forming

4.1.1. M.O.A - increase stool bulk - absorbs H2O

4.1.2. EG: ispaghula husk , psyllium

4.2. osmotic

4.2.1. M.O.A - pull H2O from surrounding tissue into intestine - osmosis

4.2.2. EG: lactulose , magnesium oxide

4.3. Stool softners

4.3.1. M.O.A - absorbs H2O and lipids into stool

4.3.2. EG: docusate

4.4. Stimulants

4.4.1. M.O.A - stimulate intestinal motility - by stimulating ENS

5. Indications

5.1. Constipation relief

5.2. Pre-operative bowel preparation ( PEG , bisacodyl )

6. Patient consideration

6.1. Hydration

6.2. Duration of use