1. Scientific Revolution
1.1. Empiricism
1.1.1. Main representative
1.1.1.1. Englishman Francis Bacon
1.1.2. Said that
1.1.2.1. Should accept reasoning thought
1.1.2.1.1. Observation
1.1.2.1.2. Experimentation
1.2. Rationalism
1.2.1. Main representative
1.2.1.1. Frenchman René Descartes
1.2.2. Said that
1.2.2.1. Authority and tradition should be criticised
1.2.2.2. Reason was only valid criterium
2. Enlightenment Culture in Europe
2.1. Main ideas
2.1.1. Phylosophy
2.1.1.1. Improve lifes of citizens
2.1.1.2. Celebrated use of reason
2.1.1.3. Humans understood the universe by their own without god
2.1.1.4. Immanuel Kant (Philosopher)
2.1.1.4.1. Have courage to make use of your own understanding! this was the motto of Enlightenment.
2.1.2. Hapiness
2.1.2.1. People considered that the European leaders were obligated to provide individual right and aspiration
2.1.3. Reason
2.1.3.1. Was the human rationality: Reason was the way to overcome biased notions and religious belilefs
2.1.4. More democracy (In general)
2.1.4.1. Republic
2.1.4.1.1. Supported by philosophers such as Rousseau and Montesquieu
2.1.4.1.2. Anti-monarchism
2.1.4.2. Constitutional Monarchy
2.1.4.2.1. Rule of law
2.1.4.2.2. Separate powers
2.1.4.2.3. Promote ideas of individual rights
2.1.4.3. Parliamentary monarchy
2.1.4.3.1. Monarchs can't take decisions only
2.1.4.3.2. Monarch rule according to the constitution
2.1.5. Progress
2.1.5.1. Development of knowledge so that civilizations could control nature and well being of human
2.2. Majority of people
2.2.1. Illiterate
2.2.1.1. Difficulty to understand new ideas
2.3. New intellectual movement
2.3.1. During 18th century
2.3.2. Developed In Europe
2.3.3. Epicentre was France
2.3.4. Bought culture/philosophy of other centuries
2.3.5. For:
2.3.5.1. Enlighment thinkers:
2.3.5.1.1. Noblemen, bourgeois, and clergymen
2.4. The evolution of the enlightenment
2.4.1. Give importance to
2.4.1.1. Education
2.4.1.2. Pedadogy
2.4.1.2.1. The study of the teaching method
3. Enlightenment in Spain
3.1. Created new educational institututions
3.1.1. Sociedades Económicas de Amigos del País
3.1.1.1. Aim was to Improve
3.1.1.1.1. Artisan
3.1.1.1.2. Agriculture
3.1.1.2. Were important societies
4. Elected by local assemblies
5. Job was to improve
5.1. Institutional bodies
5.2. Administrative bodies
6. Made up with
6.1. Major landowners
6.2. Local corporations
6.3. Wealthy classes
7. Agricultural innovations
7.1. New American products
7.1.1. Were grown, such as:
7.1.1.1. Tomatoes
7.1.1.2. Potatoes
7.1.1.3. Corn
7.1.2. Draft horses shoeing was improved
7.2. Fallow method
7.2.1. One uncultivated piece of land.
7.2.2. Allow the soil to regenerate
7.2.3. Was eliminated
7.3. Continuous crop rotation
7.3.1. Replaced "Fallow method"
7.3.2. Species like legumes
7.3.3. Based on
7.3.3.1. Introducing crops that replenished the soil
7.3.3.2. If the field wasn`t left
7.3.3.2.1. it will be used as food for livestock
8. Politics during the enlightenment
8.1. Parliamentary monarchy
8.1.1. Monarch power was controlled
8.1.1.1. with
8.1.1.1.1. Institutional systems
8.1.1.1.2. Legal systems
8.1.1.2. thought
8.1.1.2.1. The action of courts
8.1.1.2.2. Parliaments
8.2. Parliamentary republic
8.2.1. Were governed by
8.2.1.1. Wealthy middle classes
8.2.1.2. Nobility
8.2.2. Were common in
8.2.2.1. Holy Empire
8.2.2.2. Italian Peninsula
8.2.3. Achieved high levels of
8.2.3.1. Economic development
8.2.3.2. Cultural development
8.2.4. Inhabitants enjoyed freedom
8.2.5. Military power
8.2.5.1. They were weak against great monarchy
8.2.5.1.1. Exception was United Provinces (own colonial empire)
8.3. Enlightened despotism
8.3.1. Variant of absolutism
8.3.2. Incorporated 'trickledown'
8.3.2.1. The reforms didn't decrease absolute power
8.3.3. Middle of 18th century
8.3.4. Enlightenment thinkers
8.3.4.1. worked as
8.3.4.1.1. Goverment advisers
8.3.4.1.2. Ministers
8.3.4.2. In
8.3.4.2.1. France
8.3.4.2.2. Prussia
8.3.4.2.3. Spain
8.3.4.2.4. Russia
8.3.5. Monarchs thought that Enlightment ideas were the universal progress and hapiness
8.3.6. sciences and arts were promoted in european corts
9. The bourbon reforms
9.1. Carlos II of Hasburg died
9.1.1. Two pretenders
9.1.1.1. Carlos of Hasburg (archduke of Austria)
9.1.1.2. Felipe of borbon (grandson of Louis XIV of France)
9.2. International war (1701)
9.2.1. Hague Alliance against France and Felipe V
9.3. Civil war in Hispanic Monarchy (Succesion) (1705)
9.3.1. Between
9.3.1.1. The Bourbons
9.3.1.1.1. Supported by Crown of Castilla
9.3.1.2. The Harsburgs
9.3.1.2.1. Supported by Crown of Aragon
9.3.2. Ended with
9.3.2.1. Peace of Utrech (1713)
9.3.2.1.1. Felipe V renounced to claim the Frech throne
9.3.2.1.2. Hispanic Monarchy lost European terriories
9.4. Nueva planta decrees
9.4.1. Abolish these things of Aragon
9.4.1.1. Courts
9.4.1.2. Fueros
9.4.1.3. diputaciones generales
9.4.1.4. Custom and fiscal systems
9.4.2. Civil and commercial law was manteined in Aragon, Cataluña and Mallorca
9.5. Political reforms
9.5.1. Council and validos replaced by cabinets
9.5.2. Fueros, laws, institutions, tax regimes and customs were manteined in Navarra and Basque country
9.5.3. Vice royalties of New Granada and Rio de Plata were created and segregated of Peru
9.5.4. Regalist policies were carried out of the church
9.5.5. Count of Foridablanca, a member of the count of Castilla and Carlos III persuaded the pope to disolve the society of Jesus, Jesuits in 1773 for being anti-reformist
9.6. Foreign Policy
9.6.1. British claims on American dominions of Hispanic Monarchy
9.6.2. Dynastic affinity with French Bourbons
9.6.3. Atrantic expansion of Great Britain
10. Spanish kings ally with France (Family Compacts)
10.1. Took part in
10.1.1. Seven Years` war (1756-1763)
10.1.1.1. Teatry of Paris
10.1.1.1.1. Cedes Florida (Spain) to Great Britain
10.1.1.1.2. British hegemony confirmed
10.1.1.1.3. Spain receives Louisiana from France