How to teach listening. By: J J Wilson and Ekaterina Nemtchinova.

1. Teaching listening with technology.

1.1. Technology helps teach real-life listening.

1.1.1. Exposes students to a variety of:

1.1.1.1. Speakers.

1.1.1.2. Voices.

1.1.1.3. Accents.

1.1.1.4. Situations.

1.1.1.5. Cultural contexts.

1.2. Have a backup for the internet.

1.2.1. Use other medias if there is not connection.

1.2.1.1. CD or radio.

1.2.2. Not power/energy.

1.2.2.1. Worksheets.

1.2.2.2. Tell the story.

1.2.2.3. Others tools.

1.3. Benefits and shortcoming.

1.3.1. Discover a bunch of videos.

1.3.2. Transcription with videos.

1.3.3. Support audios with objectives:

1.3.3.1. Pre-listening.

1.3.3.2. While-listening.

1.3.3.3. Post-listening.

2. Listening in the world and in language learning.

2.1. Listening for specific information.

2.1.1. In detail.

2.1.1.1. find errors.

2.1.1.2. determine differences.

2.1.1.3. Delayed.

2.1.2. Inferencial.

2.1.2.1. How speaker feels.

2.1.2.2. Perceive emotions.

2.1.3. General ideas.

2.1.3.1. Who.

2.1.3.2. Why.

2.1.3.2.1. Successful communication.

2.1.3.3. How.

2.1.4. Information-gathering.

2.1.4.1. Specific point.

2.1.4.2. Particular item.

3. Why listening is difficult.

3.1. Characteristics of the message.

3.1.1. Combination of letters.

3.1.2. Unknow words.

3.1.2.1. Deal with these for understanding.

3.1.3. Lexical density.

3.2. Characteristics of the delivery.

3.2.1. Reciprocal listening.

3.2.1.1. Repair strategies.

3.2.2. Nonreciprocal listening.

3.2.2.1. Do not have opportunity to Contribute.

3.3. Characteristics of the listener.

3.3.1. Listening affected by:

3.3.1.1. Anxiety.

3.3.1.2. Tiredness.

3.3.1.3. Boredom.

3.3.1.4. A block.

3.3.2. Multiple intelligences theory.

3.3.2.1. No everyone can learn in the same way.

3.4. Characteristics of the environment.

3.4.1. Background noises.

3.4.2. Defective equiment.

3.4.2.1. Can affect the way how listening is delayed.

3.4.3. Weather.

4. What do teachers know about listening?

4.1. Listening vs Hearing.

4.1.1. Interpret the incoming sounds.

4.1.2. Pick up important words.

4.1.2.1. Listening.

4.1.3. Enters the sensory memory.

4.1.4. Recognized different noises.

4.1.4.1. Hearing.

4.2. Bottom-Up Processing.

4.2.1. Deriving meaning from individual:

4.2.1.1. Lexical.

4.2.1.2. Grammatical.

4.2.1.3. Pronunciation items.

4.3. Top-Down Processing.

4.3.1. Operates with existing:

4.3.1.1. Schemata.

4.3.1.2. Ideas.

4.3.1.3. Content.

4.4. Listening to comprehend or to acquire the language.

4.4.1. Recognized the derive meaning.

4.4.2. Do not cling to every word.

4.4.3. Boost linguistic development.

4.4.4. Comprehension goals.

4.4.5. Extracting information.

5. How can teachers teach listening?

5.1. The diagnostic approach.

5.1.1. Evaluate the comprehension.

5.2. Using incorrect answers to detect weaknesses.

5.2.1. What is wrong with the student proficiency.

5.3. Using incorrect answers to designing activities to help.

5.3.1. Increase students' awareness of their listening processes.

5.4. Avoid listening tasks that require memorization.

5.4.1. Understanding a message does not mean remembering every single detail.

5.5. Helping students develop a wider range.

5.5.1. Explaining.

5.5.2. Modeling.

5.6. Providing top-down and bottom-up listening practice.

5.6.1. Differentiating between listening skills.

6. Using texts and designing task.

6.1. Authentic and scripted texts.

6.1.1. Textbooks are accompanied by an audio component.

6.1.2. Use listening texts are scripted.

6.2. Teacher talk.

6.2.1. Discussing.

6.2.2. Natural opportunities.

6.2.3. Unscripted speech.

6.2.4. Effortlessly paraphrasing.

6.3. Student talk.

6.3.1. Work in cooperative activities.

6.3.2. Aural and oral skills in work team.

6.3.3. Practicing the target language all the time.

6.4. Listening activities.

6.4.1. Intesive listening.

6.4.1.1. Paying close attention to the language.

6.4.2. Selective listening.

6.4.2.1. Concentrating on specific details.

6.4.3. Interactive lsitening.

6.4.3.1. Participate in the conversation by alternating between listening and speaking.

6.4.4. Extensive listening.

6.4.4.1. General comprenhension.

6.4.5. Resoinsive listening.

6.4.5.1. Listener relate to the content.

6.4.6. Autonomous listening.

6.4.6.1. Independent listening.