1. Sujeto + verbo "to be" (am, is, are) + verbo con -ing
1.1. Ejemplo: She is reading.
2. Uses of Present Continuous:
2.1. Acciones en progreso en el momento de hablar:
2.1.1. Ejemplo: I am reading a book right now.
2.2. Acciones temporales que no suceden necesariamente en el momento de hablar:
2.2.1. Ejemplo: He is staying with his grandparents this week.
2.3. Acciones que están cambiando o en desarrollo:
2.3.1. Ejemplo: The weather is getting colder.
2.4. Planes o intenciones para el futuro:
2.4.1. Ejemplo: We are meeting our friends tomorrow.
2.5. Palabras clave
2.5.1. now, at the moment, today, this week, right now, currently
3. Comparison between Present Continuous and Gerunds:
3.1. Similarities
3.2. Both use the -ing form of the verb.
4. Gerunds
4.1. A gerund is the -ing form of a verb that functions as a noun in a sentence
4.1.1. Example: Swimming is fun. (Here, swimming is the subject of the sentence.)
4.2. Uses of Gerunds:
4.2.1. As the subject of a sentence:
4.2.1.1. Example: Reading helps you learn English.
4.2.2. After certain prepositions:
4.2.2.1. Example: She is interested in learning French.
4.2.3. After some verbs:
4.2.3.1. Example: I enjoy swimming. / He stopped talking.
4.3. Common verbs followed by gerunds:
4.3.1. Enjoy, mind, avoid, consider, finish, stop, recommend, etc.
4.3.1.1. Example: They avoid eating junk food.
4.4. Formation of gerunds:
4.4.1. Add -ing to the base form of a verb.
4.4.1.1. Example: run → running, play → playing, go → going.