Myocaridal Infarction

1. Risks Factors

1.1. Modifiable

1.1.1. Smoking

1.1.2. Diet - having a diet low in fruits and vegetables

1.1.3. Hypertension

1.1.4. Diabetes

1.1.5. Obesity

1.1.6. Drug and/or alcohol use

1.2. Non-modifiable

1.2.1. Age

1.2.2. Gender - Men have a higher risk than women

1.2.3. Genetics

2. MI by Location

2.1. Left Cicumflex Occlusion: lateral or posterior MI

2.2. Left Anterior Descending Occlusion: anterior wall damage ("widow maker" has the hisghest mortality rate

2.3. Right Coronary Artery Occlusion: Inferior wall damage

3. Symptoms

3.1. Chest pain

3.2. Pain in other parts of the body like the back, neck, arms, tummy

3.3. Shortness of breath

3.4. Sweating

3.5. Nausea and vomiting

3.6. Anxiety

3.7. Lightheadedness or sudden dizziness

4. Overview

4.1. MI's are localized areas of necrotic tissue

4.2. This is caused by an occlusion of a coronary artery that cuts off oxygen supply to the heart muscle

4.3. Background

4.4. Key Stakeholders

5. Treatment

5.1. Tissue begins to infarct approx. 20min after artery blockage

5.2. Tissue can be salvaged if blood flow can be restored within 4 hours of an artery blockage

5.3. Aspirin is an antiplatelet given to prevent further platelet aggregation

5.4. Nitroglycerin is the first-line treatment that increases blood flow to the heart by causing vasodilation

5.5. Statins are given to reduce cholesterol

5.6. Beta blockers slow and relax the heart to reduce the rate and blood pressure

5.7. PT can have a stent placed to open up the artery and prevent it from closing

6. Labs

6.1. EKG can be used to confirm a STEMI

6.2. Troponin levels can be drawn

7. References

7.1. McCance, S.H. K. ([Insert Year of Publication]). Pathophysiology (8th ed.). Elsevier - Evolve. https://mbsdirect.vitalsource.com/books/9780323583473

7.2. Ojha, N., Dhamoon, A. (2023, August 8). Myocardial infarction. StatPearls [Internet]. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK537076/