1. Principles of the CIA Triad
1.1. Confidentiality
1.1.1. -Encryption (AES, RSA, SSL/TLS) -Access Controls (RBAC, DAC, MAC) -Data Classification -Steganography
1.2. Integrity
1.2.1. -Hashing (SHA-256, MD5) -Digital Signatures -Data Consistency Checks -File Integrity Monitoring
1.3. Availability
1.3.1. -Redundancy (RAID, Backups) -Disaster Recovery Plans (DRP) -DDoS Mitigation -Business Continuity Planning (BCP)
2. Security Measures and Controls
2.1. Administrative Controls
2.1.1. -Security Policies -Risk Assessments -Security Awareness Training
2.2. Technical Controls
2.2.1. -Firewalls -Intrusion Detection Systems (IDS/IPS) -Anti-malware Solutions -Multi-Factor Authentication (MFA)
2.3. Physical Controls
2.3.1. -Surveillance Cameras -Biometrics -Secure Facilities
3. Threats and Attacks
3.1. Types of Threats
3.1.1. -Malware (Viruses, Trojans, Ransomware) -Phishing and Social Engineering -Denial of Service (DoS/DDoS) Zero-Day Vulnerabilities
3.2. Threat Actors
3.2.1. -Hackers (Black Hat, White Hat) -Insider Threats -Nation-State Actors Malicious Novice Hackers
3.3. Mitigation Techniques
3.3.1. -Penetration Testing -Incident Response -Threat Intelligence
4. Governance, Compliance and Framework
4.1. Legal and Regulatory Compliance
4.1.1. -GDPR (General Data Protection Regulation) -HIPAA (Health Information Privacy) -PCI-DSS (Payment Security)
4.2. Security Frameworks
4.2.1. -ISO -NIST Cybersecurity Framework -COBIT (Control Objectives for Information Technology)
4.3. Best Practices
4.3.1. -Least Privilege Principle -Zero Trust Architecture -Security by Design