
1. Synonyms and Related Terms
1.1. Shape
1.1.1. Circle
1.1.2. Sphere
1.1.3. Ring
1.1.4. Loop
1.1.5. Disk
1.1.6. Orb
1.1.7. Round
1.2. Number
1.2.1. Zero (0)
1.2.2. Void
1.2.3. Null
1.2.4. Emptiness
1.3. Letter
1.3.1. O
1.3.2. Ω (Omega)
1.3.3. ⊙ (Celestial Symbol)
1.4. Symbolic Meanings
1.4.1. Perfection
1.4.1.1. No gaps, "perfect" shape
1.4.2. Cycle
1.4.2.1. Reincarnation
1.4.2.2. Life cycles
1.4.2.3. Seasonal changes
1.4.3. Infinity
1.4.3.1. No beginning or end
1.4.4. Harmony
1.4.4.1. Balance and symmetry
1.4.5. Void (空 - Kū)
1.4.5.1. Zen and Buddhist concept of emptiness
1.4.6. Universe
1.4.6.1. Planets, stars, celestial spheres
2. 円 (En) – The Circle and Currency
2.1. Geometry
2.1.1. 円形 (Enkei) - A perfect geometric shape
2.2. Japanese Yen (円 - En)
2.2.1. Currency as a circulating entity
2.2.2. Economic cycles and money flow
2.3. Symbolism
2.3.1. Cycle of Life
2.3.1.1. Birth, growth, decay, rebirth (輪廻 - Rin’ne)
2.3.2. Zen Buddhism
2.3.2.1. Ensō - Circle as enlightenment, universe, void
2.3.3. Balance and Harmony
2.3.3.1. Equality and natural order in Taoism and Buddhism
3. 円 (Flat Circle) vs. 丸 (Three-Dimensional Sphere)
3.1. 円 (En) – Circle
3.1.1. 2D (Flat)
3.1.2. Infinity, unity, economy (currency), harmony
3.1.3. π (pi) governs circles
3.1.4. Enlightenment (Ensō), balance
3.1.5. Found in Zen calligraphy, money, cycles of life
3.2. 丸 (Maru) – Sphere
3.2.1. 3D (Volume)
3.2.2. Wholeness, energy, perfection, existence
3.2.3. Used in physics (volume, mass)
3.2.4. Cosmic existence, completeness
3.2.5. Found in planets, atoms, holistic thinking
4. Related Keywords (関連キーワード)
4.1. 輪 (Rin, Wa) – Ring, Cycle, Connection
4.1.1. Olympic Rings (五輪)
4.1.2. 人の輪 ("circle of people")
4.1.3. 輪廻 (Rinne) - Samsara (reincarnation)
4.2. 環 (Kan, Wa) – Loop, System, Environment
4.2.1. Ecological and cosmic balance (環境 - Kankyō)
4.3. 球 (Kyuu, Tama) – Sphere, Ball, Globe
4.3.1. 天球 (Celestial Sphere)
4.3.2. 地球 (Earth)
4.4. 零 (Rei, Zero) – Nothingness, Origin
4.4.1. 0 as both emptiness and limitless potential
4.4.2. Zen’s concept of 空 (Kū, Emptiness)
4.5. 縁 (En) – Fate, Connection
4.5.1. Spiritual and unseen ties between people/events
4.5.2. Cosmic interconnectedness
5. Number (数字) – 0 and the Infinite Cycle
5.1. Zero (0) as the Ultimate Origin
5.1.1. Before existence - Void, emptiness
5.1.2. After existence - Returning to nothingness (Mu, 無)
5.2. Pi (π) and the Mystery of Circles
5.2.1. π as an infinite, irrational number
5.2.2. Finite boundary with infinite internal complexity
5.3. Infinity (∞) as Eternal Loop
5.3.1. "∞" is a double circle (reinforcing cycles)
5.3.2. Linked to karma, time loops, eternal return
6. Symbolism (象徴) – The Deeper Meanings of the Circle
6.1. Perfection and Balance
6.1.1. No flaws, ultimate harmony
6.2. Cycles and Repetition
6.2.1. Moon phases, seasons, life, reincarnation
6.3. Unity and Connection
6.3.1. No beginning or end (wedding rings, unity symbols)
6.4. The Cosmic and Divine
6.4.1. Sun, planets, galaxies in circular/spherical forms
6.4.2. Mandalas and Ensō for enlightenment
7. Expanding the Concept of Maru
7.1. Cosmology
7.1.1. Celestial bodies are spherical (planets, stars, black holes)
7.2. Time as a Circle
7.2.1. Cyclical view of time
7.2.1.1. Nietzsche's eternal recurrence
7.2.1.2. Mayan calendar cycles
7.3. Mathematical Approach
7.3.1. Zero (0) as nothingness and a beginning
7.3.2. π (Pi) linking circles to infinity
7.4. Eastern Philosophy
7.4.1. Zen Buddhism
7.4.1.1. Ensō (円相) - Enlightenment, universe, void
7.4.2. Daoism
7.4.2.1. Taiji (太極) - Yin-yang as a circular balance
7.5. Biology
7.5.1. Circular/spherical forms in life
7.5.1.1. Cells, eggs, pupils, planets
7.6. Cultural Symbolism
7.6.1. Japanese Language
7.6.1.1. Maru (円) - Harmony (和 - Wa), completeness
7.6.1.2. En (縁) - Fate, connection
7.6.1.3. Enman (円満) - Peaceful, harmonious
8. 丸 (Maru) – The Sphere and Wholeness
8.1. Geometry
8.1.1. 球 (Kyuu) - Sphere, 3D completeness
8.2. Traditional Naming in Japan
8.2.1. Ships (e.g., 日本丸 - Nippon Maru) for protection and fortune
8.2.2. Objects representing roundness or perfection
8.2.2.1. 玉 (Tama - Jewel/Ball)
8.2.2.2. 魂 (Tamashii - Soul)
8.3. Philosophical Perspective
8.3.1. Sphere as infinite, like 0 (zero) or ∞ (infinity)
8.4. Symbolism
8.4.1. Universe - Cosmos imagined as a sphere
8.4.2. Energy - Atoms, planets, stars as spherical forms
8.4.3. Perfection - Circular flow in martial arts and aesthetics
9. Connection to Zero (0) and Infinity (∞)
9.1. Zero (0)
9.1.1. As "nothingness"
9.1.1.1. 円 represents void, 無 (Mu) - Space before emergence
9.1.2. As "potential"
9.1.2.1. 丸 represents seed, womb, pre-Big Bang universe
9.2. Infinity (∞)
9.2.1. As a continuous cycle
9.2.1.1. 円 represents eternal recurrence
9.2.2. As wholeness
9.2.2.1. 丸 represents the entire universe as one
10. Form (形) – The Geometry of Maru and En
10.1. The Flat Circle (円 - En)
10.1.1. Perfect 2D shape (all points equidistant from center)
10.1.2. Sacred Geometry
10.1.2.1. Mandala
10.1.2.2. Ensō (円相)
10.1.2.3. Cosmic patterns
10.1.3. Movement & Flow
10.1.3.1. Representing cycles of time, life, and motion
10.2. The Sphere (丸, 球 - Maru, Kyuu)
10.2.1. 3D Expansion
10.2.1.1. Completeness and totality
10.2.2. Universality
10.2.2.1. Universe, atoms, celestial bodies
10.2.3. Holistic View
10.2.3.1. Spherical shape represents all directions
11. Alphabet (アルファベット) – O, Ω, and Universal Signs
11.1. "O" – Symbol of Wholeness
11.1.1. Zero and completeness
11.1.2. Related words: Orbit, Om (sacred sound)
11.2. "Ω" (Omega) – The End and the Whole
11.2.1. Greek Omega - Completion, finality
11.2.2. Physics (Ω - Ohms, resistance, cycles)
11.3. "⊙" (Celestial Circle)
11.3.1. Represents the Sun, divine power, and life source
11.3.2. Astronomy, astrology, ancient symbolism
12. Deep Dive into Six Themes
12.1. Cosmology – The Universe as a Sphere
12.1.1. Big Bang as a singularity expanding outward
12.2. Time – Circular or Linear?
12.2.1. Western: Linear (past → future)
12.2.2. Eastern: Cyclical (reincarnation, eternal return)
12.2.3. Spiral theory: A fusion of linear and circular time
12.3. Mathematics – The Mysticism of Pi and Zero
12.3.1. Pi (π) - Never-ending, like the eternal cycle
12.3.2. Zero (0) - Paradox of nothingness and everything
12.4. Eastern Philosophy – Ensō and Wuji (無極)
12.4.1. Ensō (円相) - Zen hand-drawn enlightenment circle
12.4.2. Wuji (無極) - Taoist great void before yin-yang
12.5. Life and Biology – Why is Everything Round?
12.5.1. Cells, eggs, pupils, planets – efficiency and balance
12.6. Cultural and Linguistic Meanings – 円 (Yen) and 縁 (Fate)
12.6.1. 円 (Yen) - Flow of money, energy, cycles
12.6.2. 縁 (En) - Fate, spiritual connections