
1. INTRODUCTION
1.1. Definition of character in architecture
1.1.1. Unique identity & expression in architecture
1.2. Relationship with meaning and representation
1.2.1. Function, emotion, culture
1.3. Importance in architectural discourse
1.3.1. Balances aesthetics, function & experience
2. HISTORICAL
2.1. 18th Century Origins
2.1.1. Germain Boffrand: Architecture and drama
2.1.1.1. Boffrand: Architecture as drama
2.1.2. J.-F. Blondel: Character based on function and purpose
2.1.2.1. Blondel: Function defines character
2.2. 19th Century Developments
2.2.1. Goethe and German Romanticism: Expressive character
2.2.1.1. Goethe: Soul of architecture
2.2.2. John Ruskin: Character as a reflection of the builder’s spirit
2.2.2.1. Ruskin: Moral & social reflection
2.3. Modernist Criticism
2.3.1. Viollet-le-Duc: Structural integrity over character
2.3.1.1. Viollet-le-Duc: Structure over ornament
2.3.2. Structural Rationalists: Functionalism vs. aesthetics
2.3.2.1. Rationalists: Function over expression
3. Philosophical and Theoretical Foundations
3.1. Semiotics and representation
3.1.1. Buildings as symbols
3.2. The relationship between built form and emotional response
3.2.1. Character shapes experience
3.3. Phenomenology and experience (Norberg-Schulz)
3.3.1. Light, form & material influence psychology
4. Character in Contemporary Architecture
4.1. Postmodern re-evaluation
4.1.1. Reintroducing symbolism & irony
4.2. Sustainable and contextual character
4.2.1. Eco-conscious character
4.3. Integration of digital technologies
4.3.1. Parametric Design → Organic, adaptive forms
4.3.2. AR/VR → Interactive, customizable spaces
4.3.3. AI & Smart Facades → Dynamic, responsive character