1. factors affecting temperature
1.1. latitude
1.1.1. tropics :23.5ºS and 23.5ºN
1.1.2. temp lower at higher latitudes
1.1.3. each degree=20 mins
1.1.4. places along same latitude experience similar temperature
1.1.4.1. eg SG(15m) & Quito,Ecuador(2850m)
1.2. altitude
1.2.1. 3 sub points
1.2.2. decrease by 6ºc every increase of 1000m
1.3. cloud cover
1.3.1. presence of clouds
1.3.1.1. day & night
1.3.2. absence of clouds
1.3.2.1. day & night
1.4. distance from sea
1.4.1. Maritime effect
1.4.1.1. smaller annual temp range
1.4.2. Continental Effect
1.4.2.1. warmer summer,colder winter
1.4.2.2. larger annual temp range
2. elements of weather
2.1. clouds
2.1.1. dew point temperature (saturated)
2.1.2. saturation=100% relative humidity
2.1.3. tiny particles eg dust=condensation nuclei
2.1.4. explanation of formation of clouds
2.2. rainfall
2.2.1. relief rain/orographic rain
2.2.1.1. windward side (wet)
2.2.1.2. leeward side (dry)
2.2.2. convectional rain
2.2.2.1. tropics
2.2.3. high(>1500mm) low(<250mm)
2.3. relative humidity
2.3.1. (amt air can hold /max amt air can hold) x 100
2.4. Pressures And Winds
2.4.1. Air Pressure
2.4.1.1. high:above ave sea level value (1,013mb),low:opp
2.4.1.2. Air move from high pressure to low pressure
2.4.1.3. decrease w increase of altitude
2.4.2. Wind
2.4.2.1. The greater the difference in air pressure (steeper pressure gradient) the faster the wind speed
2.4.2.2. prevailing wind
2.4.2.2.1. blow frequently at a specific direction
2.4.3. wind systems
2.4.3.1. land breeze
2.4.3.1.1. explanation (wind blows from land to the sea) at night
2.4.3.2. sea breeze
2.4.3.2.1. explanation (wind blows from the sea to the land) at day
2.4.4. Monsoon winds
2.4.4.1. coriolis effect
2.4.4.1.1. cause deflection or bending of winds
2.4.4.1.2. northern (right) southern (left)
2.4.4.1.3. strongest near the poles, weak in the tropics, not felt at the equator
2.4.4.1.4. Southwest Monsoon
2.4.4.1.5. Northeast Monsoon
3. where are the climatic types
3.1. Equatorial Climate
3.1.1. 10º N and S of the Equator eg sg,johor
3.1.2. high mean annual temp of 27ºc
3.1.3. small annual temp range of 2ºc to 3ºc
3.1.4. high relative humidity of over 80%
3.1.5. Convectional rain, over 2000mm (no distinct wet,dry seasons)
3.2. Monsoon Climate
3.2.1. 5ºc and 25ºc N & S of the Equator eg Mumbai(india) and chittagong (bangladesh)
3.2.2. high mean annual temp
3.2.3. lower mean annual temp than equatorial climate (located further from equator)
3.2.4. annual temp range of 6ºc
3.2.5. Distinct wet and dry seasons eg chittagong (2000mm june to sept and 750mm oct to may)
3.3. Cool temperate (marine west-coast) climate
3.3.1. 45ºc and 60ºc N & S of the equator eg paris france, vancouver ,canada
3.3.2. four distinct seasons
3.3.3. mild winter ,cool summers
3.3.4. total annual rainfall lower of equatorial or monsoon climate
3.3.5. large annual temp range of 25ºc, temp ranging from -3ºc to 22ºc
3.3.6. total annual rainfall range between 300mm and 900mm No distinct wet and dry seasons