1. DEFINITION
1.1. the movement of people from one place or country to another with the intention to settle down at the new location.
2. FACTORS LEADING TO URBANISATION
2.1. ECONOMIC
2.1.1. countries with high rate of poverty can encourage the people to migrate to cities such as America and Europe.
2.1.1.1. For example: migration from rural areas to London's Dockland due to low productivity of agriculture.
2.1.2. economic opportunities in the cities
2.1.2.1. examples: South Korea, urban migration to Seoul and Busan due to Government policies and macroeconomics availability.
2.1.2.1.1. 1961, only 28% of the population lives in urban area. In 2000, it increased to 80%.
2.2. POLITICAL
2.2.1. political unrest causes people to migrate in order to escape from the politic situation
2.2.1.1. example: According to the Organization International Migration, migrants seeks for greater freedom. In Romania, the political stability has attracted investments internally & from outside
2.3. SOCIAL
2.3.1. unemployment in the rural area encourages migration to the cities
2.3.1.1. unemployed people migrates from the rural to urban in order to find jobs in the Philipines
2.3.1.1.1. example: The Philippines topped Malaysia, Singapore and South Korea in unemployment rate with 2.9m in January 2012.
2.3.2. Infrastructure Investment in the cities leads to urbanization
2.3.2.1. example: In Japan, Tokkaido region – The Tokyo-Nagoya-Osaka Corridor. by 1970, more than 60% of it's urban population are concentrated in this region.
2.4. ENVIRONMENTAL
2.4.1. Natural Disaster such as earthquakes, drought, hurricane and volcanic eruptions.
2.4.1.1. example: Prolonged drought in rural areas in Africa, such as in Mauritiana, which leads to mass migration from rural to urban.
2.5. GLOBALISATION
2.5.1. advanced communication and technology such as computer and airplane makes migration much easier.
2.5.1.1. examples: cities are more linked with rural areas because of low communication and transportation costs.