1. decreasing labor supply
1.1. Urban migration
1.1.1. Women and elderly left to farm
1.1.2. Holistic disadvantage
1.1.2.1. Economic
1.1.2.2. Education
1.1.2.3. Status
1.1.2.4. Healthcare
2. Farmers' information needs not met
2.1. Weak extension system
2.1.1. Extension agents low level of education
2.1.2. 1,000-3,000 farmers/agent
2.1.3. Agents also sell inputs for income
2.1.4. Must spend time on non-extension tasks
2.1.5. Women (main laborers) lack access to extension
2.1.5.1. Agents work more with men
2.1.5.2. Less likely to own/control ICTs
2.1.5.3. Men primary decision-makers
2.1.5.4. Cultural
2.2. Company reps too specialized
2.3. Farmers lack access to digital media
2.3.1. Lack computers
2.3.1.1. Lack purchasing power
2.3.1.2. Lack usability skills
2.3.2. Unaware of content online
2.3.3. Searching on phones is difficult
2.3.3.1. Know pinying to type (age)
2.3.3.2. Illiteracy (age)
2.4. Lack quality digital content
2.4.1. Content: Many online sources not made by ag experts
2.4.1.1. Most website not updated
2.4.1.2. Most websites lack quality content
2.4.1.3. Format not farmer user friendly
2.4.2. Don't know information available online
2.4.2.1. Lack hardware
2.4.2.2. Lack experience/basic ICT skills
2.4.2.3. Lack awareness
2.5. Information Service Centers weak
2.5.1. Graduate students are short -term
2.5.2. Staff often untrained/volunteer
2.5.3. Lack maintenance
2.5.4. Lack of sustainable funding
2.5.5. Farmers don't know how to use equipment
3. Social
4. extreme weather events
4.1. Drought
4.2. Flood
4.3. Hail
4.4. Freezing
4.5. Timing
5. replant disease
5.1. Insects
5.2. Disease
5.3. Highly variable foot by foot
6. lack access to quality inputs
6.1. Low Profit margins for companies
6.2. Low incomes/Can't afford
6.3. Questionable quality
6.4. Sellers unresponsive to farmers needs
6.5. Farmers unaware of some input needs
7. Women are disdvantaged
7.1. Lack legal support
7.1.1. Limited access to land
7.1.1.1. Longer time between land adjustments
7.1.1.2. Cultural inheritance practices
7.2. Cultural
7.2.1. Men viewed as head of household
7.2.2. Men primary decision makers
7.2.2.1. Women less likely to own/control ICTs
7.2.2.2. Extension focus efforts on women
8. Physiological
9. Low quality of apples
9.1. Safety scares
9.1.1. Pesticide use
9.1.2. Non-organic practices
9.2. Over fertilization
9.2.1. Fertilizers subsidized
9.2.2. Extension agents sell fertilizers
9.3. Aging trees
9.3.1. Planted in 1980s and 90s