Lynn Margulis
by Metaverse Historian
1. endosymbiotic theory
1.1. one organism engulfed another, yet both survived and eventually evolved
1.1.1. support in the 1980s, when the genetic material of mitochondria and chloroplasts was found to be different from that of the symbiont’s nuclear DNA.
2. Cooperative arrangements may even precede competitive arrangements
2.1. how valid is this hypothesis in biology for the study of human society?
2.2. She also believed that proponents of the standard theory "wallow in their zoological, capitalistic, competitive, cost-benefit interpretation of Darwin – having mistaken him... Neo-Darwinism, which insists on [the slow accrual of mutations by gene-level natural selection], is in a complete funk." (Wikipedia)
2.3. gender related question: how hard was it in 1966 for a woman to defend a 'soft' hypothesis about evolution?
3. a controversy: "Margulis later argued that "there's no evidence that HIV is an infectious virus" and that AIDS symptoms "overlap ... completely" with those of syphilis" (2009), Wikipedia
3.1. any relation with her 'cooperative visions'?
