1. Rise of Nationalism
1.1. Internal factors
1.1.1. Political impact
1.1.1.1. Traditional elites lost power (Vietnam, Indonesia, Malaysia)
1.1.1.2. Rise of new Western educated elites (Vietnam, Indonesia, Burma)
1.1.2. Economic impact
1.1.2.1. Economic exploitation (Indonesia, Vietnam)
1.1.3. Social impact
1.1.3.1. Undermining of religion (Indonesia, Burma, Vietnam)
1.1.3.2. Western education (Burma, Vietnam, Indonesia, Philippines
1.2. External factors
1.2.1. Meiji Modernization and the Russo-Japanese War
1.2.1.1. (Burma, Thailand, Vietnam)
1.2.2. Development of Chinese nationalism
1.2.2.1. (Vietnam, Indonesia)
1.2.3. World War 1; Great Depression
1.2.3.1. (Burma, Vietnam)
2. Colonial Response to Nationalist Movements
2.1. Military suppression
2.1.1. Vietnam, Indonesia, Burma
2.2. Carrot and stick approach (Concessions to appease)
2.2.1. Malaya, Vietnam
2.3. Indirect Rule – Ruling through collaboration
2.3.1. Malaya, Vietnam
3. Movements
3.1. Types/forms
3.1.1. Traditional vs Modern
3.1.1.1. [Traditional] Sarekat Islam – Indonesia, Saya San – Burma, Can Vuong – Vietnam
3.1.1.2. [Modern] PKI, PNI – Indonesia, GCBA, Thakins - Burma , VNQDD, ICP – Vietnam
3.1.2. Radical vs Moderate
3.1.2.1. [Radical] PKI, PNI – Indonesia, Saya San, Thakins – Burma, VNQDD, ICP – Vietnam
3.1.3. Cultural, religious, ethnic, political, territorial, anti-colonial
4. Development of Nationalism: Achievements and Limitations
4.1. Achievements
4.1.1. Political concessions
4.1.1.1. Volksraad - Indonesia Grand Council - Vietnam Dyarchy - Burma MANY THINGS - Philippines
4.1.2. National Consciousness / Vision of independence
4.1.2.1. PNI - Indonesia
4.1.2.2. Thakins - Burma
4.1.2.3. ICP - Vietnam
4.1.2.4. Thailand
4.1.3. Mass support
4.1.3.1. ICP / VNQDD - Vietnam
4.1.3.2. Sarekat Islam - Indonesia
4.1.3.3. Thakins - Burma
4.1.3.4. Partido Nacionalista - Philippines
4.2. Internal limitations
4.2.1. Unwilling to fight for peasants
4.2.2. Division amongst leaders
4.2.3. Western leaders elitist & alienated
4.2.4. No real concession
4.2.5. Not aimed to remove colonial rule.
4.3. External limitations
4.3.1. Colonial Powers’ measures:
4.3.2. Military suppression
4.3.3. Carrot and stick approach (Concessions to appease)
4.3.4. Indirect Rule