1. Why do people migrate?
1.1. Forced migration
1.1.1. Involves involuntary movement, mainly from someone of higher power
1.1.1.1. Atlantic slave trade is a great example of this type of migration.
1.1.2. Forced is migration is not very common in todays world, but still occurs.
1.1.2.1. forced migration can come in the form of counter migration which is when a an illegal immigrant comes to a country and is migrated back to his/her home country.
1.2. Push and pull factors in voluntary migration
1.2.1. Gravity model
1.2.1.1. Predicts interaction between places on the basis of their population size and the distance between them.
1.2.2. Laws of migration
1.2.2.1. Laws of migration are the theories of which demographers think why people migrate.
1.2.3. Push factors
1.2.3.1. Conditions and perceptions that help a migrant decide to leave.
1.2.4. Pull factors
1.2.4.1. Circumstances that effectively attract the migrant to certain locales from other places, the decision of where to go.
1.2.5. Distance decay
1.2.5.1. A prospective migrant is more likely to have more perceptions on places closer to them. When a place is a lot farther away from them the migrant doesn't feel certain about that destination.
1.2.6. Step migration
1.2.6.1. When a family decides to move to a small society, then later a town, then a big city, and last the metropolis.
1.2.6.1.1. For some families this is the goal for them, start out small and then live in the "big city".
1.2.7. intervening oppurtunity
1.2.7.1. When migrants have a goal, but an similar goal or point of interest comes upon them and gives up the initial goal they were trying to reach.
1.3. Types of push and pull factors.
1.3.1. Legal staus
1.3.1.1. Migrants can arrive in a country with or without the consent of the host country.
1.3.1.2. Deportation
1.3.1.2.1. Act of being sent back.
1.3.2. Economic conditions
1.3.2.1. Poverty has driven millions out of their home lands.
1.3.2.1.1. Western Europe and North America impel numerous migrants, both legal and illegal.
1.3.3. Power relationships
1.3.3.1. Gender, ethnicity, race, and money are all factors in the decision to migrant.
1.3.3.1.1. Women in the middle east hire southeast Asian women as domestic servants, housekeepers, and nannies.
1.4. Political circumstances
1.4.1. Throughout history, oppressive regimes have engendered migration streams.
1.4.1.1. Desperate migrants fled Vietnam by the hundreds of thousands after the communists took control in 1975.
1.5. Armed conflict and civil war
1.5.1. Many migrants home countries have gone through civil wars and conflicts that drove out a hug portion of the countries population making them permanent emigrants.
1.6. Environmental conditions
1.6.1. A major example of this factor is when the Irish citizens migrated to New World during the 1840s because of the potato crop becoming destroyed by potato blight, causing famine.
1.7. Culture and traditions
1.7.1. Some people fear that their culture will not survive a major political transition.
1.7.1.1. When the Soviet Union obstructed over 2 million jews and they migrated to Israel.
1.8. Technological advances
1.8.1. Kinship links
1.8.1.1. The decision a migrant makes based on a family members success in that region.
1.8.2. Chain migration
1.8.2.1. When a migrant reassures family and friends that a new community has formed, a place where they can feel home.
1.8.3. Immigration waves
1.8.3.1. When there are many different times that migrants come in groups.
2. How do governments affect migration?
2.1. Legal restrictions
2.1.1. The obstacles that are placed by the the governments are not physical.
2.1.2. Immigration laws
2.1.2.1. Laws that restrict immigration to another country.
2.2. Waves of immigration in the United States
2.2.1. The United states has encountered two great immigration waves. One in the 1930's and the immigration wave today.
2.2.2. Quotas
2.2.2.1. A goal or a set number that the government puts on migration laws for control.
2.2.3. Selective immigration
2.2.3.1. When some immigrates seeking a new country is rejected based on criminal records, poor health, and subversive activities.
2.2.3.2. Some countries only let people from a british descend in tho their country.
2.3. Post-September 11
2.3.1. Since September 11th, 2001(day of 911) government immigration policies have incorporated security concerns.
2.3.2. Many policies were put into affect post 911 and many concerns come with it.
2.3.2.1. The U.S. will detain any illegal immigrant even if he/she has known ties with terrorist groups. Many people think that terrorists first "staging point" is Haiti.
3. Field Note
3.1. Haitian immigrants
3.1.1. Most Haitian immigrants are illegal. Their way of transportation is by boat. On most of these boats, they are over filled, mostly with men and as many children they can fit. They are at a very high risk of getting caught by the coast guard and being sent home to Haiti.
3.2. remittances
3.2.1. Money migrants send home to their family.
3.3. reverse remittances
3.3.1. Migrants asked for money from their family at home for financial support.
4. What is migration?
4.1. Cyclic Movement
4.1.1. When migrants only leave for a short periods at a time.
4.1.2. Activity spaces
4.1.2.1. Daily routine that takes people through short moves within a local scale.
4.1.3. Nomandism
4.1.3.1. When a group or society of people don't have a set home place and move constantly based on seasons and weather.
4.2. Periodic Movement
4.2.1. Periodic movement involves a long period of time away .
4.2.2. Migrant labor
4.2.2.1. people who migrate for work or labor.
4.2.3. Transhumance
4.2.3.1. System of pastoral farming where ranchers move live stock accordingly to seasonal availability of pastures.
4.2.4. Military service
4.2.4.1. When military families move to new locations where they will spend tours of duty that can last them several years.
4.3. Migration
4.3.1. The movement of people from one place to another.
4.3.2. international Migration
4.3.2.1. Movement across borders, also called transnational migration.
4.3.3. immigration
4.3.3.1. When a countries population grows because of migrating people to that country.
4.3.4. internal migration
4.3.4.1. Migration that occurs within a single country's borders.
4.3.5. Mobile societies
4.3.5.1. Internal migration depends on the mobility of the society. Internal migration is common with a mobile society. International migrants also internally migrate through out the destination country.
5. Where do people migrate?
5.1. Global migration flows
5.1.1. Global-scale migration
5.1.1.1. On an global scale, people migrate.
5.1.2. Explorers
5.1.2.1. People who discover and make map of their data.
5.1.3. Colonization
5.1.3.1. A physical process when a colonizer takes over another place, and putting its own government in charge.
5.2. Regional migration flows
5.2.1. Regional scale
5.2.1.1. Bigger scale then countries, but smaller then global scales.
5.2.1.2. economic oppurtunities
5.2.1.2.1. Islands of development
5.2.1.3. Reconnection of cultural groups
5.2.1.3.1. Regional flows are centered on reconnecting cultural groups.
5.2.1.4. Conflict and war
5.2.1.4.1. After WW2, 15 million germans migrated westward from their homes in eastern Europe, either voluntary or forced to leave.
5.3. National migration flows
5.3.1. Can also be thought of internal migration flows.
5.3.1.1. Russia experienced a large inter migration when people moved to eastern Russia.
5.3.2. Russificcation
5.3.2.1. Assimilate all the people in the Soviet Union territory into the Russian culture.
5.4. Guest Workers
5.4.1. When workers migrate to a different country to find work.
5.4.2. Guest workers migrate to different countries because they would have better pay in the visiting country then their home.
5.5. Refugees
5.5.1. Refugee
5.5.1.1. A person that has a fear of being prosecuted for their race, religion, nationality, membership, social group, or political opinion.
5.5.2. The UNHCR estimates that 83% of refugees flee to a country in the same region as their home country.
5.5.3. Internally displaced persons(IDP)
5.5.3.1. They are refugees but do not migrate out of the country.
5.5.4. Asylum
5.5.4.1. Protection in the country the refugee first arrives in.
5.5.5. Repatriation
5.5.5.1. When refugees return home.
5.5.6. Regions of dislocation
5.5.6.1. The refugee situation changes frequently as some refugees return home, conditions permitting, and as other new streams form.
5.5.6.2. The impact on refugee flows is certainly felt most in the poorest countries of the world.