Part 2: Periodic Table

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Part 2: Periodic Table by Mind Map: Part 2: Periodic Table

1. What's inside a periodic table?

1.1. group (族)

1.1.1. a vertical column in the periodic table

1.1.2. Elements in the same group tend to have similar chemical properties and exhibit a clear trend in properties with increasing atomic number.

1.2. period (週期)

1.2.1. a horizontal row in the periodic table

1.2.2. Across a period, the elements change from metals (left side of a period) through metalloids to non-metals (right side of a period)

1.3. metals (金屬), metalloids (類金屬) and nonmetals (非金屬)

1.3.1. Metals are generally shiny and highly conducting solids.

1.3.2. The majority of nonmetals are coloured or colourless insulating gases.

1.3.3. In between metals and nonmetals are metalloids, which have intermediate or mixed properties.

2. Group VII elements – halogens

2.1. Element

2.1.1. Fluorine (氟)

2.1.2. Chlorine (氯)

2.1.3. Bromine (溴)

2.1.4. Iodine (碘)

2.2. Physical properties

2.2.1. poisonous and smelly

2.2.2. non-metals

2.3. Chemical properties

2.3.1. react with metals to form compounds called salt

3. Artificial elements

3.1. Element

3.1.1. technetium (鍀)

3.1.2. promethium (鉕)

3.1.3. the tran-suraniums (Z > 92)

4. Group I elements – alkali metals

4.1. Element

4.1.1. Lithium (鋰)

4.1.2. Sodium (鈉)

4.1.3. Potassium (鉀)

4.1.4. Rubidium (銣)

4.1.5. Caesium (銫)

4.1.6. Francium (鈁)

4.2. Physical properties

4.2.1. have relatively low melting and boiling points when compared with other metals

4.2.2. soft and can be cut with a knife

4.2.3. good conductivity

4.3. Chemical properties

4.3.1. reactive metals and must be stored in paraffin oil to prevent them from reacting with air

4.3.2. react vigorously with water to give hydrogen gas and an alkaline solution

4.3.3. react with non-metals to form compounds called salts

5. Group 0 elements – noble gases

5.1. Element

5.1.1. Helium (氦)

5.1.2. Neon (氖)

5.1.3. Argon (氬)

5.1.4. Krpton (氪)

5.1.5. Xenon (氙)

5.1.6. Radon (氡)

5.2. Physical properties

5.2.1. colourless gases at room temperature and pressure

5.2.2. have very low melting and boiling points

5.3. Chemical properties

5.3.1. very unreactive