1. Politics of Education
1.1. Liberal Perspective
1.1.1. John Dewey
1.1.1.1. Education, therefore, is a process of living and not a preparation for future living.
1.1.2. students receiving equal opportunity to succeed in society
1.1.3. respect for cultural diversity
1.1.4. importance of citizenship and participation in a democratic society
1.1.5. allows students to develop his or her own
1.1.5.1. talents
1.1.5.2. creativity
1.1.5.3. sense of self
1.2. Torn between the two:
1.2.1. Progressivism Vision of Education
1.2.1.1. Schools should contribute to the fight of making things progressively better
1.2.2. Traditional Vision of Education
1.2.2.1. Schools should pass on the best of what was and what is
1.3. Main purpose of Schooling
1.3.1. intellectual
1.3.1.1. teaching cognition skills
1.3.1.1.1. analysis
1.3.1.1.2. evalution
1.3.1.1.3. synthesis
1.3.2. -schooling refers to the activities that occur in schools
2. Schools as Organizations
2.1. Teachers
2.1.1. higly qualified
2.1.1.1. college degree
2.1.1.2. full certification
2.1.1.3. demonstrable content knowledge
2.1.2. role switching can be extremely demanding
2.1.3. out-of-field teaching
2.1.3.1. teaching subjects that do not match training or ceritfication
3. Curriculum and Pedagogy
4. Equality of Opportunity
5. Educational Inequality
6. Educational Reform
7. History of U.S. Education
7.1. Common School Era
7.1.1. Horace Mann
7.1.1.1. First secretary of Massachusetts State Board of Education 1837
7.1.1.2. His efforts helped for the first normal school (school for teachers)
7.1.2. Free, publicly funded elementary schools
7.2. Democratic-Liberal School
7.2.1. progressive evolution of a school system that provides equal opportunities for all
8. Sociological Perspectives
8.1. Interactional Theory
8.1.1. Examines what happens in the day-to-day taken for granted details between students and teachers.
8.1.2. It's not only the "big picture" that matters, but the daily interactions make a big overall impact
8.2. Effects of Schooling on Individuals
8.2.1. Knowledge and Attitudes
8.2.1.1. Generally it is found the higher the social class background of the student the higher the achievement level.
8.2.1.2. Education is related to an individual's sense of well-being and self-esteem
8.2.2. Education and Mobility
8.2.2.1. We would hope that education would be a deciding factor in our position in the social classes; unfortunately, in some instances this is not the case
8.2.2.1.1. an educational degree does not seem to solely lift many people out of poverty
8.2.2.1.2. The lack of an educational degree does not not make someone in the upper-class lose their societal position
9. Philosophy of Education
9.1. Pragmatism
9.1.1. Founders
9.1.1.1. George Sanders
9.1.1.2. William James
9.1.1.3. John Dewey
9.1.2. problem>speculative thought>action>results
9.1.3. tabula rasa - blank tablet
9.1.4. the attainment of a better society through education
9.1.4.1. progressive education
9.1.4.1.1. child-centered pregressivism
9.1.4.1.2. social reconstructionism
9.1.4.2. instrumentalism - relationship between school and society
9.1.4.3. experimentalism - application of ideas to education practice on an experimental basis
9.1.5. anomic - without norms
9.1.6. "Dialectic of Freedom"
9.1.6.1. schools should balance the needs of society in one hand and the needs of the individual in the other
9.1.6.2. Termed by Maxine Greene
9.1.7. Role of the Teacher
9.1.7.1. encourages
9.1.7.2. offer suggestions
9.1.7.3. questions
9.1.7.4. helps plan and implement courses of study
9.1.8. Methods of Instruction
9.1.8.1. Problem-solving or Inquiry Method
9.1.8.1.1. children should start their mode of inquiry by posing questions about what they want to know
9.1.8.1.2. students could choose either group work or independent study
9.1.8.1.3. students go about learning in nontraditional yet natural ways
9.1.8.1.4. project method
9.1.9. Curriculum
9.1.9.1. expanding environments
9.1.9.1.1. working from the known to the unknown
9.1.9.2. all the academic and vocational disciplines taught in an integrated interconnected way