Chapter 11, Section 2

1. Cat Wong

1.1. 4th Hour

1.2. 2-10-15

2. "Five Civilized Tribes"

2.1. These tribes established agricultural civilizations with stable economies.

2.2. "Five Civilized Tribes"~ Cherokee, Creek, Seminole, Chickasaw, and Choctaw

2.3. In the end, these 5 tribes were moved to present-day Oaklahoma, where the Plains groups lived.

2.3.1. They established their own school, farms, government, and as well as a police force called the Lighthorsemen

3. Indian removal Act

3.1. President Jackson was in agreement with the citizens about the desire to relocate the Natives to the land west of the Mississippi. Unfortunately, that land has infertile soil, which means it was not substantial for farming

3.2. In result to this, congress passed the Indian Removal Act which allowed officials to barter with the Native Americans to move west of the river

3.3. Removal Act

3.3.1. Indian Territory

4. Worchester vs. Georgia

4.1. The Cherokee were in the state of Georgia, but Georgia didn't acknowledge the Cherokee as their own nation

4.2. The Cherokee took this to the federal court, in which Chief Justice John Marshall ruled against Georgia. Stating that only the federal government could interfere with the Cherokee

4.3. In spite of the ruling, Jackson was in favor of Georgia, so he chose to ignore the Supreme court's ruling

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6. Vocab

6.1. relocate

6.1.1. To move to a different location

6.2. guerrilla tatics

6.2.1. making surprise attacks and then retreating back to swamps and forests

7. People

7.1. Sequoya~ inventor of the Cherokee alphabet which empowered the Cherokee to write and read

7.2. The Seminoles~ in 1835, they and a team of African American slaves fought against the government in efforts to stay on their land

7.2.1. In the end, they technically won but many Seminoles died at war, while most were captured and forced westward

7.3. Osceola~ Born in 1804. Became the leader of the Seminoles in 1830, and led attacks on U.S forts. The effect of their guerilla tatics (hiding in swamps, bushes, etc.) he grew sick and attemped to give in, but was captured. After the capture, Osceol and his family were imprisoned in South Carolina where he died of an infection. He was considered an honorable hero.

8. The Trail of Tears

8.1. In 1835, 17,000 Cherokee refused to follow the treaty that the government gave them, which suggested they give up their land

8.2. In response, the Cherokee wrote a protest letter, but President Jackson and the settlers didn't back down

8.3. In 1838, General Winfield Scott forced the Cherokee to move west. In order to do so, they had to trek across states on a long and fatal journey. This journey took the lives of some Cherokee, but most shed tears. Hence, the name "The Trail of Tears"