1. Chapter 7
1.1. Beyond immediate economic benefits that the drug trade brings, the gangs provide an alternative rule of law in impoverished neighborhoods.
1.2. Despite the fact that men move in and out of women's households frequently, a sacred notion of the biological father still persists in discourse.
1.3. Courts have anachronistic understandings of class, gender, and sexuality,
1.3.1. Difficult for younger woman who were not virgins or in stable relationships with a man, to meet legal standard of rape cases.
1.4. Glorias robbery and rape story is told in such a way that sexual violence and female victimization is addressed through humor.
1.4.1. Women are continually striving to mediate their perspectives on sexuality in a society that is incredibly sex-positive but that does very little to protect the bodies of women, even young, from transgresive behavior.
1.4.2. Each of them wielded humor as a kind of weapon- to either highlight or mark particular details of the event.
1.4.2.1. They had come to disagree about the appropriate time for a young girl to engage in a sexual relationship, and they used their distinct perspectives about the night of robbery and rape as critical commentary.
2. Chapter 6
2.1. Women seen as epitome of masculine desire or carioca identity "Paradise for men"
2.1.1. Young males are encouraged to be seducers.
2.1.1.1. It is common for sexual abuse and rape to be somewhat expected from men. "this is how men are"
2.1.1.1.1. Infidelity is perceived as normal male behavior.
2.1.1.1.2. Women hide their daughters from step-fathers in fear of sexual abuse. Seeing step-father abuse as normative.
2.1.1.2. Males are seen to need sex while women are to be kept virgins
2.2. Sexual joking, teasing very common.
2.2.1. Metaphors about food and eating often express ideas about sexuality.
2.2.1.1. Woman are seen to be "consumed", men do the "consuming"
2.3. Sex positive attitude towards life both young and old
2.4. Sexual permissiveness and sex-positiveness are social entities that describe social relations in Rio de Janeiro.
2.4.1. In Rio de Janeiro, public flirtation is an elaborate game, appreciated as pleasurable and complimentary of women.
2.5. Pride among the working-class Carioca population, is derived from the belief that even if they are not blessed with great material wealth, at least they have "good sex" and lots of it.
3. Chapter 5
3.1. Crime and Violence in Rio
3.1.1. Landed Brazilians shielded from crime.
3.1.2. Shantytowns less stable, more violent
3.1.2.1. Like America and many other capitalist economies, poverty is criminalized.
3.1.2.2. "Brown zone" or Favelas are devoid of state presence except for police.
3.2. Gangs
3.2.1. Protect favela from outside danger
3.2.1.1. Offer work to young men.
3.2.2. Extensive control of Favelas
3.2.2.1. Legal/moral justification for government to use excessive force
3.2.2.2. Drug chiefs Important figures
3.2.2.2.1. Provide needed services (food, cash, employment)
3.3. Law Enforcement and Revenge
3.3.1. Lower class disdain police authority
3.3.1.1. Violence used by both gangs and police
3.3.1.2. When off duty, police officers in "death squads", settle own personal disputes
3.3.1.2.1. Unreliable policing system leads to cycles of revenge
4. Chapter 4
4.1. Pedro Paulo
4.1.1. Typical Jobs were so low paying Pedro refused to enslave himself to it.
4.1.2. Leader of Comando Vermehlo (Red Command), a drug trafficking gang
4.1.3. Goldstein visited Pedro in prison
4.1.4. Died in police shoot-out
4.1.4.1. Like in America residents think it is their (Pedro's) fault for their desperate actions. So much so Gloria did not grieve Pedro's death.
4.2. The Killing Streets
4.2.1. Groups of armed people routinely exterminate street children
4.3. Home Children and Street Children
4.3.1. Nurtured vs. Nurturing children
4.3.1.1. Nurtured: Children of landed middle-class families
4.3.1.2. Nurturing: poor children forced to take on the role of provider.
4.3.1.2.1. join gangs, deal drugs, beg, steal
4.4. Lucas's Story
4.4.1. His mother died early in his life and was sent to live with his godmother, and eventually with his Aunt Rosineide
4.4.1.1. Lived in extreme poverty
4.4.1.1.1. Glória adopted Lucas after living with Aunt Rosineide
4.5. Gloria
4.5.1. Routinely took in children in need.
4.5.2. Has her own sense of justice
4.5.2.1. Forces children to do"honest work"
4.5.2.2. Threw children out of the house because of perceived infringement on Gloria's established power structure.
4.5.2.2.1. Gloria believes harsh punishment keeps children out of prison, in line, & alive
5. Introduction
5.1. Humor is the theme
5.2. Residents of impoverished "shantytowns" feel isolated from outside entities
5.3. Laughter was everywhere
5.3.1. Finding meaning in the humor is an effective means of discovering culture.
6. Chapter 1
6.1. Arrival
6.2. Carnival
6.2.1. Habits of Class and Domination
6.3. Goldtein's goal was to analyze humor's context and meaning in a social lens
6.3.1. Furthermore, analyze the actors position in the culture and the affects of such.
7. Chapter 2
7.1. Domestic Work for Women
7.1.1. For women it is difficult to get good paying work due to racial, class and gender prejudices.
7.1.2. Domestic work is of the lowest paying jobs, and it is primarily worked by Afro-Brazilian women.
7.1.3. For many positions in Brazil "good appearance" is required; primarily a cover for racism.
7.2. Poverty in Brazil and the Effects
7.2.1. Wages are so low in Brazil, wage labor should be compared with slavery.
7.2.2. Many times workers are entrapped in a system which makes the laborers dependent on those who are exploiting them.
8. Chapter 3
8.1. Skin color is perceived as an indicator of class.
8.1.1. Eliana appears to be her grandson's caretaker (baba) because he is lighter skinned.
8.1.2. Lower-class (black) nanny and upper-class (white) child.
8.2. Race, Class and Slavery
8.2.1. Features associated with Africa, like dark skin, are stigmatized.
8.2.2. Although there is not legally sanctioned racism in Brazil, structures of racism are present.
8.3. A Black Cinderella
8.3.1. Azeredo was seen by her white assailants as a person not worthy of making others wait and was assaulted for it.
8.3.2. Assumed to be black and poor, but was actually the daughter of a governor.
8.3.3. Seen as Cinderella because her attackers felt they could rightfully throw an imposter out of the ball.
8.3.4. In Brazil, you would have to be a fairy-tale character to be both a governor's daughter and black.
8.4. Coroas
8.4.1. A coroa is a man who is distinguished by age and class or wealth, and is usually white.
8.4.2. Many underprivileged women believed that one of their best opportunities for getting ahead was to seduce an older, richer, whiter man, a coroa.