REFORM

1. Accountability- "Similar to the recommendations of A Nation at Risk, the Hawkins - Stafford Amendments proposed changes in areas of accountability, curricular standards, instructional practices and assessment of performance, (Wong&Nicotera,2004).

1.1. Responsibility - educators are responsible overall for the performance in schools. They are held accountable for most of the results which some ways are unfair. They are trying to teach children all the necessary skills but are also learning through the process as well. They are not always equipped to handle reform.

1.1.1. Consequences

2. Diverse testing - "In fact the theory behind being standard based reform claimed that all students can perform irrespective of background characteristics, (Weiss, Knapp, Hollweg & Burrill, 2000). The background of a child should be taken into consideration along with any disappointed I lilies or special needs that they may have. A child's background determines a lot about them.)

2.1. Funding no matter what

2.1.1. Teach teachers

2.1.1.1. Break the habit

3. Government - "Standard based reform challenged the central practices of the education system that has been differentiating content and instruction based on perceptions of study ability (Linn,2000). Children are not used to the reform practices and cannot always take new change well.

3.1. Lawmakers

3.1.1. Decisions

4. Uniformity - All children of course will never be on the same level as they are all different. Use the reform to differentiate every child and meet their individual needs. Most times there are shared learning experiences. Children seem to differ in testing due to the force of change and reform with little to no attention focused on the children but more focused on ways to rise test scores and make school look better.

4.1. Competition - Other countries are noted to perform better in those areas which seem to be the focus of being more competitive with test scores and not lack behind. A possible solution is to go to these better performing countries to see how they different with tea hung methods and testing. Use that information to implement a reform of teaching that has been seen to be successful.

4.1.1. Other countries

4.1.1.1. Test results

5. Solutions - a possible solution is to pay for more teacher inspired training. The method of teaching and way of learning for children will be all for nothing if done too quickly and drastic.

6. It all starts from Kindergarten until High School to prepare for the workforce and college. Spillane (1999) comments, “The standards movement’s central doctrine calls for more intellectually demanding content and pedagogy for everyone”. The content should be challenging but also on the level with realistic expectations. Change is expected but may not be as drastic as all cannot accept change the same.

6.1. Middle school

6.1.1. High school

6.1.1.1. College/workforce

7. Reform policies follows a certain area of standards and hold accountability to those completing the reform and also creating the reform. "From a policy perspective, Baker and Linn (2002) identify seven conditions for accountability:The reported results are accurate, The results are widely spread, Individuals are willing to act and can motivate action by team members, Alternative actions to improve the situation are known ad available , Individuals and team members possess the knowledge to apply alternative methods and The actions selected will improve results.

7.1. Standards

7.1.1. Implementation

8. Standards- "At issue is what knowledge students acquire from their schooling, (Wong&Nicotrea, 2007). If the standards are ones that acknowledge that children are different and focus on thatthen reform will be very beneficial.

8.1. Values

8.1.1. Vulnerability

8.1.1.1. Accountability